The limitations of conventional intelligence tests are explored together with an analysis of some tests which have been used across cultures. The writer defends the use of tests of learning ability and the approach of ‘test, teach, test’ is presented as one method of assessing children's learning capacity and learning process. An extensive bibliography invites further reading.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BooneJ. A.AdessoV. J., (1974). ‘Racial differences on a Black Intelligence Test’ (BIT). J. Negro Edu., 43, 429–46.
2.
BudoffM. (1969). ‘Learning potential: a supplementary procedure for assessing the ability to reason.’ Seminars in Psychiatry, 1, 278–90.
3.
BudoffM. (1975). ‘Measuring learning potential: an alternative to the traditional intelligence test’ in GredlerG. R. (ed.) Ethical and Legal Factors in the Practice of School Psychology: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference in School Psychology. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Temple University.
4.
ButcherH. J. (1968). Human intelligence: its nature and assessment. London: Methuen.
5.
CattellR. B. (1940). ‘A culture-free intelligence test, Part 1’. J. Educ. Psychol, 31, 161–179
6.
CattellR. B. (1979). ‘Are culture-fair intelligence test, Part 1’. J. Educ. Psychol, 31, 161–179. Educ., 12, 3–13.
7.
DesforgesM. (1982). ‘Assessment of bicultural, bi-lingual children’. J. Assn. Educ. Psychologists, 5, 7–12.
8.
FarrellP.SmithN. (1982). ‘A survey of methods educational psychologists use to assess children with learning difficulties’. Brit. Psy. Soc., Occasional Papers, 6.
9.
FeuersteinR.ShalomH. (1968). ‘The learning potential assessment device’, in RichardsB. W. ed. Proceedings of the First Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency. Reigate, Surrey, England: Michael Jackson.
10.
FeuersteinR. (1979). The Dynamic Assessment of Retarded Performers: the Learning Potential Assessment Device, Theory, Instruments and Techniques. Baltimore: University Park Press.
11.
GoodenoughFlorence L. (1926). Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.
12.
GoodenoughFlorence L.HarrisD. B. (1950). ‘Studies in the psychology of children's drawings: II, 1928–1949’. Psychol. Bull., 47, 369–433.
13.
GuptaRaj. M. (1983). ‘The assessment of the learning efficiency of Asian children’. Unpbd. Ph.D thesis, University of Aston at Birmingham, England.
14.
GuthrieG. M.TayagAmanda H.JacobsPepita J. (1977). ‘The Philippine non-verbal intelligence test’. J. Soc. Psychol., 1023–11.
15.
HarrisD. B. (1963). Children's Drawings as a Measure of Intellectual Maturity: A Revision of and Extension of the Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World.
16.
HaynesJudith M. (1971). Educational Assessment of Immigrant Pupils. Slough: N.F.E.R.
17.
HegartyS.LucasD. A. (1978). Able to Learn? The Pursuit of Culture-Fair Assessment. Slough: N.F.E.R.
18.
HegartyS. (1979) Manual for the N.F.E.R. Test of Learning Ability. Slough: N.F.E.R.
19.
HenningM. M. (1975). ‘Learning Ability Profile (LAP): A Culture-Fair Assessment Instrument.’ U.S. Copyright Falcon Whittaker Corporation.
20.
JensenA. R. (1961). ‘Learning abilities of Mexican/American and Anglo/American children’. Calif. J. Educ. Res., 12, 147–159.
21.
JensenA. R. (1963). ‘Learning ability in retarded, average and gifted children’, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Beh. & Dev., 9, 123–140.
22.
JensenA. R. (1980). Bias in Mental Testing. New York: Free Press.
23.
KirkS. A.McArthyJ. J.KirkW. D. (1976). Examiner's Manual: Illinois Test of psycholinguistic abilities. Rev. edtn. Urbana, Illinois: Univ. Illinois Press.
24.
KohsS. C. (1923). Intelligence Measurement. New York: MacMillan.
25.
KroegerE. (1980). ‘Cognitive development in the acculturation of migrant children: the role of training in the assessment of learning ability.’ Intern. Rev. Appld. Psychol., 29, 103–111.
26.
McElwainD. W.KeameyG. E. (1970). Queensland Test Handbook. Hawthorn, Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research.
27.
MercerJoan (1975). System of Multi-Pluralistic Assessment. (SOMPA). Psychological Assn.
28.
NarrolH.BachorD. G. (1975). ‘An introduction to Feuerstein's approach to assessing and developing cognitive potential.’ Interchange, 6, 2–13.
29.
OrtarG. R. (1963). ‘Is a verbal test crosscultural?’ Scripta Hierosolymitana, 13, 219–235.
30.
PerryerX.. (1979). Test of Children's Learning Ability. Windsor, Berks: N.F.E.R. Pub. Co.
RavenJ. C. (1938). Progressive Matrices: A Perceptual Test of Intelligence. London: H. K. Lewis.
33.
SerpellR. (1972). ‘Intelligence tests in the third world’. Race Today, 4, 46–9.
34.
SewellT. E.SeversonR. A. (1974). ‘Learning ability and intelligence as cognitive predictors of achievement in first-grade black children’. J. Educ. Psychol.66, 948–55.
35.
TermanL. M.MerrillMaud A. (1961). Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale. London: Harrap.
36.
TyermanM. J. (1983). ‘Gifted children and their identification: the search for culture-fair assessment — a new strategy’ in Gifted and talented children, youth and adults. pp. 503–517, ed. RolanAurora Manila, Philippines: Reading Dynamics.
37.
VassafG. Y. H. (1982). ‘Mental massacre: the use of psychological tests in the third world’. School Psychol. Internat., 3, 43–48.
38.
VernonP. E. (1969). Intelligence and Cultural Environment. London: Methuen.
39.
VernonP. E. (1975). ‘Intelligence across cultures’ in VermaG. K.BagleyC. (ed) Race and Education Across Cultures. London: Heinemann.
40.
VernonP. E. (1979). ‘Intelligence testing and the nature/nurture debate, 1928–1978: What next?’ Brit. J. Educ. Psychol., 491–14.
41.
VernonP. E. (1982). The Abilities and Achievements of Orientals in North America. New York: Academic Press.
42.
VygotskyL. S. (1978). Mind in Society. ed. ColeM.. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard Univ. Press.
43.
WardB. (1982). ‘The use of the Haynes test of learning ability to assess children whose mother tongue is not English’. J. of the Assn. of Educ. Psychologists, 5, 12–16.
44.
WechslerD. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Revised. New York: Psychological Corporation.
45.
WilliamsR. L. (1972). The BITCH test. (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity). St. Louis, Mo: Black Studies Program, Washington University.