Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Higher Education

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Balcombe J.P. (1997). Student/teacher conflict regarding animal dissection. The American Biology Teacher 59, 22–25

Smith A.J. , & Smith K. (1997). The NORINA database of audiovisual alternatives. In Animal Alternatives, Welfare and Ethics (ed. van Zutphen L.F.M. , & Balls M. ), pp. 511–515. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.

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Dewhurst D.G. , Hardcastle J. , Hardcastle P.T. , & Stuart E. (1994). Comparison of a computer simulation program with a traditional laboratory practical class for teaching the principles of intestinal absorption. American Journal of Physiology – Advances in Physiology Education 267, S95–S103.

Leathard H.L. , & Dewhurst D.G. (1995). Comparison of the cost-effectiveness of a computer assisted learning program with a tutored demonstration to teach intestinal motility to medical students. Association for Learning Technology 3, 118–125.

Van Wilgenburg H. (1997). Computer simulations in education. In Animal Alternatives, Welfare and Ethics ed. van Zutphen L.F.M. , & Balls M. ), pp. 469–475. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.

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Balcombe J.P. (1996). Comparative Studies of Dissection and Other Animal Uses in Education, 2 pp. Washington, DC, USA: HSUS.