A Vital Dye Release Method for Assessing the Short-term Cytotoxic Effects of Chemicals and Formulations

Scaife M. (1985). The rabbit eye irritancy test — are there in vitro alternatives? ATLA 12, 157–162.

Frazier J.M. , Gad S.C. , Goldberg A.M. , and McCulley J.P. (1987). In A Critical Evaluation of Alternatives to Acute Ocular Irritation Testing. (Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Vol. 4, ed. Goldberg A.M. ), 136 pp. New York: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.

Burton A.B.G. , York M. , and Lawrence R.S. (1981). The in vitro assessment of severe eye irritants. Food and Chemical Toxicology 19, 471–480.

Muir L.K. (1985). Opacity of bovine cornea in vitro induced by surfactants and industrial chemicals compared with ocular irritancy in vivo. Toxicology Letters 24, 157–162.

Igarashi H. , Katsuta Y. , Matsuno H. , Naleazato Y. , and Kawasaki T. (1989). Carbachol HCl-induced opacity of porcine isolated cornea. ATLA 16, 322–330.

Leighton J. , Nassauer J. , Tchao R. , and Vardone J. (1983). Development of a procedure using the chick egg as an alternative to the Draize rabbit test. In Product Safety Evaluation (Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Vol. 1, ed. Goldberg A.M. ), pp. 163–177. New York: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.

Leupke N. (1985). Hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test for irritation potential. Food & Chemical Toxicology 23, 287–291.

Muir C.K. , Flower C. , & Van Abbe N.J. (1983). A novel approach to the search for in vitro alternatives to in vivo eye irritancy testing. Toxicology Letters 18, 1–5.

Muir C.K. (1984). Further investigations on the ileum model as a possible alternative to eye irritancy testing. ATLA 11, 129–134.

Igarashi H. (1987). The opacification of the bovine cornea by surfactants and other chemicals: a process of protein denaturation. ATLA 15, 8–19.

Gordon V.C. , and Bergman H.C. (1987). EYTEX: an in vitro method for evaluation of ocular irritancy. In In Vitro Toxicology: Approaches to Validation (Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Vol. 5, ed. Goldberg A.M. ), pp. 293–302. New York: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.

Borenfreund E. , and Puerner J.A. (1985). Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alternatives and neutral red absorption. Toxicology Letters 24, 119–124.

Van Buskirk R.G. , Gabriels J. , and Rainen L. (1988). A comparative study of rhodamine 123 and neutral red as vital dyes to monitor in vitro mercury toxicity using MDCK cells grown in microporous membranes. Abstracts of the 4th International Congress on Cell Biology, Montreal, p. 434.

Clothier R.H. , Hulme L. , Ahmed A.B. , Reeves H.L. , Smith M. , and Balls M. (1988). In vitro cytotoxicity of 150 chemicals to 3T3-L1 cells, assessed by the FRAME kenacid blue method. ATLA 16, 84–95.

Rozier A. , Mazuel C. , Grove J. , and Plazonnet B. (1989). Gelrite: a novel, ion-activated, in situ gelling polymes for ophthalmic vehicles. Effect on availability of trinolol. International Journal of Pharmacology, in press.

Knox P. , Uphill P.F. , Fry J.R. , Benford D.J. , and Balls M. (1986). The FRAME multicentre project on in vitro cytotoxicology. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24, 457–463.

Reinhardt C.A. , Pelli D.A. , and Zbinden G. (1985). Interpretation of cell toxicity data for the estimation of potential irritation. Food and Chemical Toxicology 23, 247–252.

Reader S.J. , Blackwell V. , O'Hara R. , Clothier R.H. , Griffin G. , and Balls M. (1989). Neutral red release from pre-loaded cells as an in vitro approach to testing for eye irritancy potential. Toxicology in Vitro, in press.