Even though not human, animals are not research equipment
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
TokarskiR. (2002). Conceptualization of animals in general linguistic awareness. In Legal Protection of Animals (ed. MozgawaM.), 187 pp. Lublin, Poland: Verba. [In Polish.]
2.
Multiple authors (2005). Encyclopedia of Gazeta Wyborcza, T. 20: Wielk–żyzno, 800 pp. Warszawa, Poland: Agora. [In Polish.]
3.
DereńE., & PolańskiE. (2008). Comprehensive Dictionary of the Polish Language, 993 pp. Kraków, Poland: Krakowskie Wydawnictwo Naukowe. [In Polish.]
4.
DoroszewskiW. (1997). Polish Language Dictionary, 1496 pp. Warszawa, Poland: PWN. [In Polish.]
5.
Anon., (2005). Experiments on Animals Act of 21 January 2005 Dz.U. 2005, No.33 Item 289. Warszawa, Poland: Polish Government. [In Polish.]
6.
HabudaA., & RadeckiW. (2008). Criminal provisions in acts regarding the protection of animals and animal experimentation. Prokuratura i Prawo5, 21–35. [In Polish.]
7.
KotowskaM. (2011). Selected aspects of animal protection under criminal law. Domestic and international aspects. In Criminology versus Contemporary Environment Related Hazards (ed. KotowskaM., & PływaczewskiW.), pp. 94–105. Olsztyn, Poland: Katedra Kryminologii i Polityki Kryminalnej, Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski. [In Polish.]
8.
GuzekJ.W. (2005). Outline of Human Pathophysiology, 699 pp. Warszawa, Poland: PZWL. [In Polish.]
9.
KornasS. (2005). Animal experimentation. In Bioethics Encyclopedia. Christian personalism. Voice of the Church (ed. MuszalA.), pp. 128–132. Radom, Poland: Polskie Wydawnictwo Encyklopedyczne. [In Polish.]
10.
KasickiS. (1995). Stop the experiments?Wszechświat, 96, 257–260. [In Polish.]
BiałocerkiewiczJ. (2005). Legal status of animals. Animal rights or legal protection of animals, 319 pp. Toruń, Poland: Dom Organizatora. [In Polish.]
16.
Marchlewska-KojA. (2007). Animals at the service of science. Alma Mater Miesięcznik Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego90, 63–64 [In Polish.]
17.
TurlejskiK. (2006). Polish law is highly restrictive. Świat Nauki3, 75. [In Polish.]
18.
ElżanowskiA. (2006). It could be better. Świat Nauki3, 75. [In Polish.]
19.
Anon., (2008). Report on the Numbers of Animals Used for Experimentation in 2007. Dz. Urz. Mni SW. 2008. 3. 56. Warszawa, Poland: Polish Government. [In Polish.]
20.
ElżanowskiA. (2014). The masters of life and death. An interview conducted by Krzysztof Różycki. Angora34, 12–13. [In Polish.]
Anon., (2008). Report on the number of animals used in experimentation in 2007. Communication published in Dz. Urz. MNiSW. 2008. 3. 56 on 2008. 06. 23 (Accessed 12.08.14). [In Polish.]
23.
KożuchowskiJ. (2011). People's ethical responsibility toward the world of animals. Robert Spaemann's Vision. Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae UKSW9, 29–48. [In Polish.]
24.
PutneyM. (2008). Being a mouse on death row. Science & Spirit19, 46–47.
25.
GoldbergA.M., & HartungT. (2006). Protecting more than animals. Scientific American, 294 (1), 84–91.
26.
SzyszkoS. (2005). Epitaph for a dog. A few comments on vivisection. Przegląd Medyczny Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego1, 95–98. [In Polish.]
27.
FoxM.A. (1986). The Case for Animal Experimentation, 262 pp. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA, USA: University of California Press.
28.
US Congress, Office of Technology (1986). Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing and Education [OTA-BA-273, February 1986], pp. 149–169. Washington, DC, USA: US Government Printing Office.
29.
US Congress, Office of Technology (1986). Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing and Education [OTA-BA-273, February 1986], pp. 3–34. Washington, DC, USA: US Government Printing Office.
30.
BanaszkiewiczA. (2011). Outline of issues linked with animal experimentation in the cosmetics industry. In Criminology versus Contemporary Environment Related Hazards (ed. KotowskaM., & PływaczewskiW.), pp. 152–158. Olsztyn, Poland: Katedra Kryminologii i Polityki Kryminalnej. Wydział Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego. [In Polish.]
FederB.F. (1989). Research Looks Away From Laboratory Animals. The New York Times, 29 January 1989.
33.
The Royal College of Physicians (1962). Smoking and Health: A Report of The Royal College of Physicians of London on Smoking in Relation to Cancer of the Lung and Other Diseases, 70 pp. London, UK: Pitman Medical Publishing.
34.
RyderR. (1971). Experiments on Animals. In Animals, Men and Morals: An Enquiry into the Maltreatment of Non-humans (ed. GodlovitchS.R., & HarrisJ.), pp. 44–82. New York, NY, USA: Taplinger. Available at: http://www.animal-rights-library.com/texts-m/ryder01.pdf (Accessed 01.02.17).
35.
BarnardN.D., & KaufmanS.R. (1997). Animal research is wasteful and misleading. Scientific American276, 80–82.
NigamP.K. (2009). Adverse reactions to cosmetics and methods of testing. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology75, 10–19.
38.
KnyplK. (2003). Aspirin in everyday medical practice. Medycyna Rodzinna27, 98–102.
39.
SpiraH. (1985). Fighting to win. In Defense of Animals (ed. SingerP.), pp. 194–208. New York, NY, USA: Basil Blackwell.
40.
HarlowH.F., PlubellP.E., & BaysingerC.M. (1973). Induction of psychological death in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia3, 299–307.
41.
SuomiS.J., & HarlowH.F. (1969). Apparatus conceptualization for psychopathological research in monkeys. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation1, 247–250.
42.
HarlowH.F., DodsworthR.O., & HarlowM.K. (1965). Total social isolation in monkeys. Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences of the USA54, 90–97.
43.
HarlowH.F., & SuomiS.J. (1970). Nature of love — Simplified. The American Psychologist25, 161–168.
44.
BowlbyJ. (1952). Maternal Care and Mental Health, 2nd edition, 183 pp. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
45.
SingerP. (2002). Animal Liberation, 3rd edition, 375 pp. New York, NY, USA: Harper Collins.
46.
MaierS.F. (1984). Learned helplessness and animal models of depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry8, 434–446.
47.
SolomonR.L., KaminL.J., & WynneL.C. (1953). Traumatic avoidance learning: The outcomes of several extinction procedures with dogs. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology48, 291–302.
48.
SeligmanM.E., MaierS.F., & GeerJ.H. (1968). Alleviation of learned helplessness in the dog. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology73, 256–262.
49.
VikenR.J., & KnutsonJ.F. (1982). The effects of negative reinforcement for irritable aggression on resident-intruder behavior. Aggressive Behavior8, 371–383.
50.
BurkeD., & BennettC.T. (1982). Training Procedure for Primate Equilibrium Platform. Report SAM-TR-82-24, 13 pp. Brooks Air Force Base, TX, USA: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine.
51.
BlickD.W., MurphyM.R., WeathersbyF.R., BrownG.C., YochmowitzM.G., FantonJ.W., & HarrisR.K. (1987). Primate Equilibrium Performance Following Soman Exposure: Effects of Repeated Daily Exposures to Low Soman Doses. Report SAM-TR-87-19, 18 pp. Brooks Air Force Base, TX, USA: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine.
52.
FranzC.G. (1985). Effects of mixed neutron-gamma total-body irradiation on physical activity performance of rhesus monkeys. Radiation Research101, 434–441.
53.
LevineB.S., RustJ.H., BurnsJ.M., & LishP.M. (1983). Determination of the Chronic Mammalian Toxicological Effects of TNT. Twenty-six Week Subchronic Oral Toxicity Study of Trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the Beagle Dog. Phase II Final Report, 319 pp. Chicago, IL, USA: IIT Research Institute.
54.
ZweifachB. (1979). Aspects of comparative physiology of laboratory animals relative to problems of experimental shock. Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine50, 8–19.
55.
HoblerK., & NapodanoR. (1974). Tolerance of swine to acute blood volume deficits. Journal of Trauma14, 716–718.
56.
GruenL., & SingerP. (1987). Animal Liberation: A Graphic Guide, 160 pp. London, UK: Camden Press.
57.
OvermierJ.B., & PapiniM.R. (1986). Factors modulating the effects teleost telencephalon ablation on retention, relearning and extinction of instrumental avoidance behavior. Behavioral Neuroscience100, 190–199.
58.
HeffnerH.E., & HeffnerR.S. (1984). Sound localization in large mammals: Localization of complex sounds by horses. Behavioral Neuroscience98, 541–555.
59.
SierońA., StanekA., & PasekJ. (2011). Cryotherapy — Current state of knowledge. Rehabilitacja w Praktyce2, 38–41. [In Polish.]
60.
LeeS.U., BangM.S., & HanT.R. (2002). Effect of cold air therapy in relieving spasticity: Applied to spinalized rabbits. Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine40, 167–173.
61.
YamauchiT., NagamiS., MiuraK., & SakawatoK. (1979). Cryogenic therapy, exercise therapy and 24-hour rehabilitation. In Proceedings of the IXth European Congress of Rheumatology, 2–8 September 1979, Wiesbaden, Germany, Abstract 1025. Kilchberg, Switzerland: European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).
62.
TeppermanP.S., & DevlinM. (1986). The therapeutic use of local heat and cold. Canadian Family Physician, Médecin de Famille Canadien32, 1110–1114.
63.
KarpoffH.M., FongY., & BlumgartL.H. (1998). Cryotherapy and other ablative procedures. In Liver Metastases: Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment (ed. GardenO.J., GeraghtyJ.G., NagorneyD.M., AudisioR.A., & StoldtH.S.), pp. 109–121. London, UK: Springer.
64.
PopT., & KwolekA. (1994). Local application of vapour phase nitrogen in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Postępy Rehabilitacji8, 47–51. [In Polish.]
65.
KwolekA., PabisM., & PopT. (1998). Use of cryotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury. Fizjoterapia6, 17–19. [In Polish.]
66.
KwolekA., & PopT. (1994). Progress in rehabilitation of patients with hemophilic arthropathy. Postępy Rehabilitacji8, 67–71. [In Polish.]
67.
PopT., & KwolekA. (1996). Effects of cryotherapy in motor abilities and gait speed in patients with spastic hemiplegia. Postępy Rehabilitacji Supl. II, 376–381. [In Polish].
68.
KwolekA., & PopT. (1999). Attempts to use cryostimulation in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Udar Mózgu1, 23–27. [In Polish.]
69.
KwolekA., PopT., & PrzysadaG. (2000). Use of physical agents in the treatment of spasticity in patients after stroke. Medycyna Manualna4, 41–44. [In Polish.]
70.
KwolekA. (2003). Use of cryostimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with central nervous system injury. In Local and General Cryotherapy (ed. ZagrobelnyZ.), pp. 43–45. Wrocław, Poland: Urban & Partner. [In Polish.]
71.
KwolekA., MyjkowskaE., & PopT. (2004). Novel methods of treating upper limb spasticity in patients after stroke. Progress in Psychiatry & Neurology, Suppl. II, 53–57. [In Polish.]
72.
PopT., HamerlaK., & PrzysadaG. (2007). Factors reducing pain in patients with degenerative knee joint disease. Przegląd Medyczny Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego4, 335–345. [In Polish.]
73.
KwolekA., PopT., & GrzebykB. (2009). 20 Jahre Erfahrungen in der Anwendung der lokalen Kryotherapie bei der Rehabilitation von stationären Patienten. Przegląd Medyczny Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego7, 149–153. [In German.]
74.
PopT. (2010). Assessment of gains from cryotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke. In Inspirations for Rehabilitation: Jubilee Book Dedicated to Professor Andrzej Kwolek (ed. PopT., & ObodyńskiK.), pp. 361–383. Rzeszów, Poland: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego [In Polish].
75.
SawanM., DuvalF., LiJ.S., HassounaM., & ElhilaliM.M. (1993). A new bladder stimulator–hand-held controller and miniaturized implant: Preliminary results in dogs. Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology27, 143–149.
76.
KantrowitzA. (1965). Development of an implantable, externally controlled stimulator for the treatment of chronic cord bladder in paraplegic patients. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation46, 76–78.
77.
FranekA., FranekE., & PolakA. (2001). Advanced Electrotherapy, 138 pp. Katowice, Poland: Śląska Akademia Medyczna. [In Polish.]
78.
HerbstE. (1983). Electrical Stimulation of Bone Tissue. An Experimental and Clinical Report. A summary of PhD thesis. School of Electrical Engineering, 30 pp. Gothenburg, Germany: Chalmers University of Technology.
79.
SatzgerG., & HerbstE. (1981). Surgical and electrical methods in the treatment of congenital and posttraumatic pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research161, 82–104.
80.
MillerG.J. (1983). Experience with electrical stimulation of nonunions. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute43, 178–186.
81.
LageyC.L.R.S., RoelofsJ.M.M., JanssenL.W.M., BreedijkM., LentferinkR.H.F., VisserW.J., AkkermansL.M.A., WittebolP., & RenooijW. (1986). Electrical stimulation of bone growth with direct current. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research204, 303–312.
82.
FuentesA.E.R., de SouzaM.J.P., ValeriV., & MascarenhasS. (1984). Experimental model of electric stimulation of pseudoarthrosis healing. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research183, 267–275.
83.
ZimmermanM., ParsonsJ.R., AlexanderH., & WeissA.B. (1984). The electrical stimulation of bone using a filamentous carbon cathode. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research18, 927–938.
84.
BrownM., GogiaP.P., SinacoreD.R., & MentonD.N. (1995). High-voltage galvanic stimulation on wound healing in guinea pigs: Longer-term effects. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation76, 1134–1137.
85.
BrownM., McDonnellM.K., & MentonD.N. (1998). Electrical stimulation effects on cutaneous wound healing in rabbits (A follow-up study). Physical Therapy68, 955–960.
86.
BrownM., McDonnellM.K., & MentonD.N. (1989). Polarity effects on wound healing using electric stimulation in rabbits. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation70, 624–627.
87.
CruzN.I., BayronF.E., & SuarezA.J. (1989). Accelerated healing of full-thickness burns by the use of high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation in the pig. Annals of Plastic Surgery23, 49–55.
88.
MohrT.M., AkersT.K., & LandryR.G. (1987). Effect of high voltage stimulation on edema reduction in the rat hind limb. Physical Therapy67, 1703–1707.
89.
TaylorK., FishD.R., MendelF.C., & BurtonH.W. (1992). Effect of single 30-minute treatment of high voltage pulsed current on edema formation in frog hind limbs. Physical Therapy72, 63–68.
90.
BettanyJ.A., FishD.R., & MendelF.C. (1990). High-voltage direct current: Effect on edema formation after hyperflexion injury. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation71, 677–681.
91.
BettanyJ.A., FishD.R., & MendelF.C. (1990). Influence of high voltage pulsed direct current on edema formation following impact injury. Physical Therapy70, 219–224.
92.
KużdżałA., & WalaszekR. (2001). Use of Visible Incoherent Polarized light (VIP light) in rehabilitation. Part I. Characteristics of physical properties of VIP light and mechanism of biophysical interactions. Fizjoterapia9, 48–53. [In Polish.]
93.
SierońA., PasekJ., & MuchaR. (2007). Low-energy light in medicine and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation in Practice1, 25–27. [In Polish.]
94.
JanosikE. (2006). Polarized light and its application in medicine. Prace Instytutu Elektrotechniki228, 317–326. [In Polish.]
95.
LimanskyY.P., TamarovaZ.A., & GulyarS.A. (2006). Suppression of pain by exposure of acupuncture points to polarized light. Pain Research & Management11, 49–57.
96.
KaradagA., BirtaneM., & AygitC. (2007). The efficacy of linear polarized polychromatic light on burn wound healing: An experimental study on rats. Journal of Burn Care & Research10, 291–298.
97.
PasekJ., CieślarG., PasekT., & SierońA. (2008). Treatment with polarized light — new approach in light therapy. Balneologia Polska50, 93–98. [In Polish.]
PaulJohnII (1983). Address of John Paul II to Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. In Papal Addresses to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences 1917–2002 and to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 1994–2002, pp. 257–263. Vatican City: The Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
100.
ShawG.B. (2004; orig. 1909) The Doctor's Dilemma, 93 pp. New York, NY, USA: Barnes and Noble Classics.