Concluding Note: Activities and Resources that Focus on Reduction

Festing M.F.W. , Baumans V. , Combes R.D. , Halder M. , Hendriksen C.F.M. , Howard B.R. , Lovell D.P. , Moore G.J. , Overend P. , & Wilson M.S. (1998). Reducing the use of laboratory animals in biomedical research: problems and possible solutions. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 29. ATLA 26, 283–301.

Combes R.D. (2004). The use of human cells in biomedical research and testing. ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 43–49.

Festing M.F.W. (2004). Good experimental design and statistics can save animals, but how can it be promoted? ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 133–135.

Festing M.F.W. (2004). Refinement and reduction through the control of variation. ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 259–263.

Fry D. (2004). Reduction by well-defined objectives. ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 241–244.

Phillips B. , Smith D. , Combes R. , Descotes G. , Dyring Jacobsen S. , Hack R. , Kemkowski J. , Krauser K. , Pfister R. , Rabemampianina Y. , Sparrow S. , Stephan-Gueldner M. , & von Landenberg F. (2004). An approach to minimise dog use in regulatory toxicology: production of a best practice guide to study design. ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 447–451.

Seidle T.K. , Langley G. , & Combes R.D. (2002). An alternative strategy for the assessment of chemicals for endocrine disrupting effects. In Fourth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences: Program and Abstracts. Website http://www.worldcongress.net/abstract-book/abstracts/sesssion-e3.htm (Accessed 30.6.04).

Vaughan S. (2004). Optimising resources by reduction: the FRAME Reduction Committee. ATLA 32, Suppl. 1, 245–248.

Howard B. , van Herck H. , Guillen J. , Bacon B. , Joffe R. , & Ritskes-Hoitinga M. (2004). Report of the FELASA working group on evaluation of quality systems for animal units. Laboratory Animals 38, 103–118.

Festing M.F.W. , & Altman D.G. (2002). Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments using laboratory animals. ILAR Journal 43, 244–258.

Festing M.F.W. (2001). Guidelines for the design and statistical analysis of experiments in papers submitted to ATLA. ATLA 29, 427–446.

Festing M.F.W. , Overend P. , Gaines Das R. , Cortina Borja M. , & Berdoy M. (2002). The Design of Animal Experiments: Reducing the Use of Animals in Research Through Better Experimental Design, 112 pp. London, UK: Royal Society of Medicine Press.

Vaughan S. (2003). Comments on the Sixth Report of the Animal Welfare Advisory Committee. ATLA 31, 207–212.

Anon. (2001). Reduction workshops. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 14–16.

Combes R.D. (2001). Harmonisation of regulatory guidelines in testing medicines. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 2–4.

Double J. (2001). Reducing the use of animals in the development of anti-cancer drugs. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 4–6.

Festing M.F.W. (2001). Genetically and microbiologically defined laboratory animals. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 9–10.

Howard B.R. (2001). The minimalist approach. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 7–8.

Moore G. (2001). Quality assurance. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 6–7.

Overend P. (2001). Improved experimental design. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 11–12.

Overend P. (2001). Better statistical analysis. FRAME News, Suppl. 1, 13–14.

Festing M.F.W. (2002). Introduction: the design and statistical analysis of animal experiments. ILAR Journal 43, 191–193.

Howard B.R. (2002). The control of variability. ILAR Journal 43, 194–201.

Shaw R. , Festing M.F.W. , Peers I. , & Furlong L. (2003). Use of factorial designs to optimize animal experiments and reduce animal use. ILAR Journal 43, 223–232.

Broadhead C.L. , & Combes R.D. (2001). The current status of food additives toxicity testing and the potential for application of the Three Rs. ATLA 29, 471–485.

Combes R.D. , Berridge T. , Connelly J. , Eve M.D. , Garner R.C. , Toon S. , & Wilcox P. (2003). Early microdose drug studies in human volunteers can minimise animal testing: proceedings of a workshop organised by Volunteers in Research and Testing. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, 1–11.

Double J. (2002). Toxicity testing in the development of anti-cancer drugs. The Lancet Oncology 3, 438–439.

Festing M.F.W. (2001). Experimental approaches to the determination of genetic variability. Toxicology Letters 120, 293–300.

Festing M.F.W. , Diamanti P. , & Turton J.A. (2001). Strain differences in haematological response to chloramphenicol succinate in mice: implications for toxicological research. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39, 375–383.

Festing M.F.W. (2003). Principles: the need for better experimental design. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 24, 341–345.

Jenkins E.S. , Broadhead C. , & Combes R.D. (2002). The implications of microarray technology for animal use in scientific research. ATLA 30, 459–465.

Festing M.F. (2003). We should be designing better experiments. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 30, 59–61.

Festing M. , Dewhurst D. , & Broadhurst J. (2001). Experimental Design [CD-ROM]. Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Bioscience Programs.

Vaughan S. , Festing M. , & Combes R. (2001). Collaborating to achieve reduction — the work of the FRAME Reduction Committee. Mutagenesis 16, 569–570.

Combes R.D. , & Jenkins E. (2002). Welfare implications of different approaches to investigate gene function and regulation. In Fourth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences: Program and Abstracts. Website http://www.worldcongress.net/abstract-book/posters/posters-c.htm (Accessed 30.6.04).

Dewhurst D. , Festing M.F.W. , & Broadhurst J. (2002). A new Computer-Aided Learning (CAL) program to teach better experimental design. In Fourth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences: Program and Abstracts. Website http://www.worldcongress.net/abstract-book/posters/posters-c.htm (Accessed 30.6.04).

Vaughan S. , Combes R. , & Festing M. (2002). Optimizing resources via reduction: the FRAME Reduction Committee. In Fourth World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences: Program and Abstracts. Website http://www.worldcongress.net/abstract-book/contents.htm (Accessed 30.6.04).