The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test has replaced about 80% of the use of the rabbit pyrogen test. Ideally, human-based in vitro tests are needed, to replace the remaining use of the rabbit test and the use of the LAL test. The progress of an EU-funded project is described, in which a number of in vitro tests based on the human fever reaction are passing through a prevalidation study on the way to evaluation in a formal validation study.
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2.
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3.
BallsM., BlaauboerB.J., FentemJ.H., BrunerL., CombesR.D., EkwallB., FielderR.J., GuillouzoA., LewisR.W., LovellD.P., ReinhardtC.A., RepettoG., SladowskiD., SpielmannH., & ZuccoF. (1995). Practical aspects of the validation of toxicity test procedures. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 5. ATLA23, 129–147.
4.
Cooper-HannanR., HarbellJ.W., CoeckeS., BallsM., BoweG., CervinkaM., ClothierR., HermannF., KlahmL.K., de LangeJ., LiebschM., & VanparysP. (1999). The principles of Good Laboratory Practice: application to in vitro toxicology studies. The report and recommendations of ECVAM workshop 37. ATLA27, 539–577.
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7.
SpielmannH., BallsM., DupuisJ., PapeW.J.W., PechovitchG., de SilvaO., HolzhütterH-G., ClothierR., DesolleP., GerberickG.F., LiebschM., LovellW., MaurerT., PfannenbeckerU., PotthastJ.M., CsatoM., SladowskiD., SteilingW., & BrantomP. (1998). The international EU/COLIPA in vitro phototoxicity validation study: results of phase II (blind trial); part 1: the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test. Toxicology in Vitro12, 305–327.
8.
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9.
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