Recently, citizenship has become a popular concept in different coun tries. This article explores the reasons why citizenship has become such a 'catch-all' concept, and analyses the relation between gender and citizen ship. Throughout history, we distinguish three vocabularies of citizenship: civic-republican, liberal and communitarian. As we show, they each have advantages and disadvantages from a gender perspective, some of which crop up in current debates on citizenship, as the brief cross-national analysis of the other articles in this issue shows.
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