The influence of parental nutrition literacy and knowledge on sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among parents of children in elementary school in Nigeria: Cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: High consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with numerous adverse health outcomes, as they are a major source of added sugars. Parents play a critical role in shaping children's dietary behaviors, and their nutritional literacy is particularly important in influencing SSB intake. Aim: This study examined the factors influencing SSB consumption among parents of elementary school children in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 188 parents of children aged 10 to 13 years. Data were collected through a self-administered survey that measured the frequency of SSB intake, categorized as low (0–1 serving per week), moderate (2–6 servings per week), or high (≥7 servings per week). The survey also assessed nutritional literacy, SSB knowledge, and awareness of the recommended daily intake of added sugar. A generalized linear model with ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: Approximately 66.5% of parents reported moderate SSB consumption. Chi-squared analysis showed significant differences across nutrition literacy variables: parents who frequently read nutritional labels, utilized nutritional information, and referred to nutrition facts consumed fewer SSBs (p < 0.001). In the regression models, SSB knowledge remained a significant predictor of lower SSB intake (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.18, 1.51], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although parental nutrition literacy is important, targeted knowledge about SSBs is a stronger factor in reducing SSB intake. These findings emphasize the need for culturally relevant interventions and school-parent nutrition programs that equip Nigerian parents with specific knowledge to reduce SSB consumption and support healthier family diets.