Action Options on Omega-3 — Recommendations,Sources,Policies

Clover C (2005), The end of the line, Ebury Press, London.

COMA (1991), Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom, HMSO, London.

COMA (1994), Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease, HMSO, London.

Crawford MA Golfetto I Bistanis D Ghebremeskel K Min Y Moodley T Poston L Phylactos A Cunnane S Schmidt W (2003), Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in protection against central nervous system damage in preterm infants. Lipids 38; 303–315.

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2005), Charting a new course, DEFRA, London. This is the latest in a series of government policy documents arguing the same point.

EFSA (2005), Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to claims concerning omega-3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fats, polyunsaturated fats and unsaturated fats, Request No. EFSA-Q-2004-107, adopted on 6 July 2005.

Elkins L (2007), Anyone for a mackerel milkshake?, Daily Mail, 8 March, pp. 46–7

FDA (2004), FDA announces qualified health claims for omega-3 fatty acids, 8 September, Washington DC.

Ghebremeskel K (2007), Personal communication.

Gibney M (1994), Nutrition science and nutrition policy, BNF Nutrition Bulletin 19 (suppl), 78–86

Goldacre B (2006), Bad science columns, The Guardian, 9, 16 and 23 September and 7 October.

Hibbeln JR (2007a), Evidence to the Inquiry on Diet and Behaviour, Associate Parliamentary Food and Health Forum, 28 March 2007.

Hibbeln JR (2007b), Personal communication. Hibbeln is referring here essentially to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosohexanoic acid (DHA), not to the whole cis n-3 category, that is reported in the UK's National Diet and Nutrition Surveys. The NDNS does not report the consumption of individual fatty acids.

Hibbeln JR Davis JM Steer C Emmett P Rogers I Williams C Golding J (2007), Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopment outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study. The Lancet 369; 578–84.

Hibbeln JR Nieminen LRG Blasbalg TL Riggs JA Lands WEM (2006), Healthy intakes of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids: estimations considering worldwide diversity, AJCN 83 (suppl): 1483S-93S.

Kolbert E (2006), The darkening sea, The New Yorker, 20 November, 66–75

Kutz G (2006), Nutrigenetic testing: tests purchased from four web sites mislead consumer, US Government Accountability Office, GAO-06-977T, Washington, DC.

NACNE (1983), A discussion paper on proposals for nutritional guidelines for health education in Britain, Health Education Council, London.

NICE (2007), MI: secondary prevention, NICE guideline 48, London

SACN (2004), Advice on fish consumption: benefits and risks, TSO, London.