Research on managerial issues in India in the post-liberalization period has identified several factors that have a significant impact on individual and organizational efficacy. In this connection, one factor that has been identified as critical is the human resource management function of the firm. In this quasi-experimental field study, we examine how human resource practices mediate the relationship between organizational culture and structure on the one hand, and individual and organizational performance on the other. Using data from 357 managerial level employees, we found that HR practices are positively related to employees' in-role and extra-role performance, and to organizational effectiveness. The results indicate that paying attention to cultural and structural ethos that shape human resource practices in Indian organizations is an important requirement for researchers, as well as, practitioners in this area.
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