The paper examines the usefulness of various theoretical approaches for understanding the causes and consequences of international migration in the 1990s. Extantideas are considered in three periods, each with its own characteristic approach: the classical, represented by push and pull and assimilation perspectives; the modern, reflecting neo-Marxist and structured inequality perspectives; and emerging patterns in the literature, focusing on multiculturalism, social movements and citizenship. While the classic approach has some historical applicability, the altered economic and sociopolitical conditions of individual states and the world system in general call for a variety of orientations and models. Although the newer approaches seem most promising, the picture they provide is also incomplete.
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