International Labor Migration in the Middle East: A Review of Literature and Research,1974–84

Abbasi N. and Irfan M. 1983 “The Socio-economic Effects of International Migration on Families Left Behind: The Case of Pakistan”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Abdelmuti A. 1983 “The Effects of Foreign Labour on Social Cohesion”. In Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Edited by Fergany N. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

Abella M.I. 1984 “Labour Migration from South and South-East Asia: Some Policy Issues”, International Labour Review, 123(4):491–506.

Abu-Lughod J. 1983 “Social Implications of Labour Migration in the Arab World”. In Arab Resources: The Transformation of a Society. Edited by Ibrahim I. London: Croom Helm.

Ahmad M. 1982 Emigration of Scarce Skills in Pakistan. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 5).

Ali H.I. 1983 “The Effects of Foreign Labour on Arab Culture”. In Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Edited by Fergany N. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

Ali S.A. 1981 Labor Migration from Bangladesh to the Middle East. Washington, D.C.: World Bank (Staff Working Paper 454).

API 1975 Proceedings of Seminar on Human Resources Development in the Arab Gulf States. Kuwait: API.

API/ILO 1978 Population, Employment and Migration in the Arab Gulf States. Kuwait: API.

Arnold F. and Shah N.M. 1984 Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East. Hawaii: East-West Population Institute (Working Paper No. 32).

Azzam H. and Shaib D. 1980 The Women Left Behind – A Study of the Wives of Lebanese Migrant Workers in the Oil-Rich Countries of the Region. Beirut: ILO Regional Office for Arab States, World Employment Programme (Working Paper No. 3).

Birks J.S. and Rimmer J.A. 1984 Developing Education Systems in the Oil States of Arabia: Conflicts of Purpose and Focus. Durham: Durham University, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies. Occasional Papers Series No. 21.

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1981 “Demographic Settling Amongst Migrant Workers”. In International Population Conference Manila: Working Papers. Liege: IUSSP.

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1980a International Labour Migration in the Arab Region. Geneva: ILO.

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1980b Arab Manpower: The Crisis of Development. London: Croom Helm.

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1979 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya: The Key Countries of Employment. Geneva: ILO, World Employment Programme (Working Paper No. 39).

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1978a “International Migration in the Arab Region – Rapid Growth, Changing Patterns and Broad Implications”. In Population, Employment and Migration in the Arab Gulf States. API/ILO. Kuwait: API.

Birks J.S. and Sinclair C.A. 1978b Country Case Study – The Arab Republic of Egypt. Durham: Durham University, IMP Working Papers.

Choucri N. 1983a Asians in the Arab World: Labor Migration and Public Policy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cairo University/MIT (TAP Report No. 83–13).

Choucri N. 1983b Migration in the Middle East: Transformations, Policies and Processes. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cairo University/MIT (TAP Report No. 83–8).

Choucri N. 1978 “Labor Transfers in the Arab World: Growing Interdependence in the Construction Sector”. In Population, Employment and Migration in the Arab Gulf States. API/ILO. Kuwait: API.

Chough I.L. 1983 “The Overseas Employment Policy of Korea”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Demery L. 1983 “Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East: An Empirical Assessment”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

al-Essa S.Y. 1981 The Manpower Problem in Kuwait. London: Kegan Paul.

Farah T. , 1980 “Alienation and Expatriate Labour in Kuwait”, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 4(1):3–40.

Fargues P. 1980 ’ Réserves de main-d'oeuvre et rente patrolière: étude démographique des migrations de travail vers les pays arabes du Golfe. Beirut: CERMOC.

Farrag A.M. 1976 “Migration Between Arab Countries”. In Manpower and Employment in Arab Countries: Some Critical Issues. Geneva: ILO.

Farrag A.M. 1974 “Manpower Situation in the Arab Region and Future Needs”. Population Bulletin of ECWA, 7:103–24.

Fergany N. 1983a Migration to Oil: Dimensions of the Labour Migration to the Oil States and Its Effects on Arab Development. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

Fergany N. 1983b Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

Fergany N. 1982a “Manpower Problems and Projections in the Gulf, Conference on Oil Revenues and Their Impact on Development in the Gulf States, Centre for Arab Gulf States, University of Exeter.

Fergany N. 1982b “The Impact of Emigration on National Development in the Arab Region: The Case of the Yemen Arab Republic”, International Migration Review, 16(4):757–80.

Fergany N. 1980 The Affluent Years Are Over: Emigration and Development in the Yemen Arab Republic. Geneva: ILO, World Employment Programme (Working Paper No. 50).

Findlay A.M. 1984 “Migrations de travail dans le golfe et croissance des quartiers périphériques d'Amman”, études Méditerranéennes, 6:205–24.

Fischer G. and Muzaffer A.M. 1975 “Some Basic Characteristics of the Labour Force in Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and Oman”. In Proceedings of Seminar on Human Resources Development in the Arab Gulf States. Kuwait: API.

Gilani I. , 1980 Pakistani Emigration to the Middle East, a Cost-benefit Analysis. Islamabad: Pakistani Institute of Development Economics (Research Report Series, No. 126-8).

Go S.P. , 1983 “Filipino Overseas Contract Workers: Their Families and Communities”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Gulati I.S. and Mody A. 1983 Remittances of Indian Migrants to the Middle East: An Assessment With References to Migrants from Kerala State. Trivandrum: Centre for Development Studies (Working Paper No. 182).

Hadley L.H. 1977 “The Migration of Egyptian Human Capital to the Arab Oil Producing States: A Cost-benefit Analysis”, International Migration Review, 11(3):283–99.

Huan-Ming Ling L. 1984 “East Asian Migration to the Middle East: Causes, Consequences and Considerations”, International Migration Review, 18(1):19–36.

Ibrahim I. 1983 Arab Resources: The Transformation of a Society. London: Croom Helm.

Ibrahim S.E. 1982 The New Arab Social Order: A Study of the Impact of Oil Wealth. Boulder: Westview.

Islam R. 1980 Export of Manpower from Bangladesh to the Middle East: The Impact of Remittance Money on Household Expenditure. Dacca: National Foundation for Research on Human Resource Development.

al-Issa J.S. 1983 “Social Implications of Foreign Maids for the Arab Family”. In Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Edited by Fergany N. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

JCC 1977 An Analysis of Present and Future Supply of Manpower from Labor Supply Countries to the Arabian Gulf Stales. Tokyo: Japan Co-operation Center for the Middle East.

JCC 1976 An Analysis of Demand and Supply of Manpower in the Arabian Gulf Countries. Tokyo: Japan Co-operation Center for the Middle East.

Keely C.B. 1980 Asian Worker Migration to the Middle East. New York: Population Council, Center for Policy Studies (Working Paper No. 52).

Keely C.B. and Saket B. 1984 “Jordanian Migrant Workers in the Arab Region: A Case Study of Consequences for Labour Supplying Countries”, Middle East Journal, 38(4):685–98.

Khafagy F. 1984 “Women and Labor Migration: One Village in Egypt”, MERIP, 124:17–24. June.

Khafagy F. 1983 Socio-economic Impact of Emigration from a Giza Village”. In Migration, Mechanization and Agricultural Labor Markets in Egypt. Edited by Richards A. and Martin P.L. Boulder: Westview.

Khoury N.A. 1982 “The Politics of Intra-regional Migration in the Arab World”, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, 6(2):3–20.

Kim K.D. and Lee O-J. 1983 “Social-psychological Implications of International Labor Migration: The Case of Korean Workers in the Middle East and Their Families”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Kim S. 1983 “Labor Migration from Korea to the Middle East: Its Trends and Impact on the Korean Economy”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Kim S. 1982 Contact Migration in the Republic of Korea. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 4).

Korale R.B.M. 1983 “Migration for Employment to the Middle East: Its Demographic and Socio-economic Effects on Sri Lanka”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Kurup R.S. 1983 “Trends and Consequences of Labor Migration from India to the Middle East”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Labib A. 1983 “Reasons for the Widespread use of Non-Arab Labour in the Gulf States”. In Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Edited by Fergany N. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

La Porte R. 1984 “The Ability of South and East Asia to Meet the Labour Demands of the Middle East and North Africa”, Middle East Journal, 38(4):699–711.

Lazo L.S. , 1982 Contract Migration Policies in the Philippines. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 3).

Longuenesse E. 1984 “Rente pátrolière et structure de classe dans les pays du Golfe”, Peuples Méditerranéens, 26:147–62.

Mahmud R.A. 1981 Migrant Remittances as a Source of Foreign Exchange - The Experience of Bangladesh. Brighton: Institute of Development Economics.

Mathew E.T. and Nair R.G. 1978 “Socio-economic Characteristics of Emigrants and Emigrants’ Households – A Case Study of Two Villages in Kerala”, Economic and Political Weekly. Pp. 1143–53. July.

Meyer G. 1984a “Arbeitsemigration und Wirtschaftsentwicklung in der Arabischen Republik Jemen untersucht am Beispel der Beschäftigten in Bausektor von San'a”. In Entwicklungsprozesse in der Arabischen Republik Jemen. Edited by Kopp H. and Schweizer G. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichart Verlag (Jemen Studien Bd. 1).

Meyer G. 1984b Ländliche Lebens – und Wirtschaftsformen Syriens in Wandel. Sozialgeographische Studien zur Entwicklung im bäuerlichen und nomadischen Lebensraum. Erlangen: Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten (Sonderband 16).

al-Moose A. and McLachlan K. 1982 “Wage Patterns Among the Foreign Labour Force in Kuwait”, Arab Gulf Journal, 2(2):55–66.

Myntti C. 1984 “Yemeni Workers Abroad: The Impact on Women”, MERIP, 124:11–16. June.

Nagi M.H. 1983 “Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East: Determinants of Current Trends and Future Outlook”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

al-Najjar B.S. 1983 “Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour in an Oil Economy: A Study of Under-development and Immigrant Labour in Kuwait”. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Durham University.

Nasiruddin A.Z.M. 1983 “Policies and Programmes Concerning Migration of Labor from Bangladesh to the Middle East”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Pennisi G. 1981 Development, Manpower and Migration in the Red Sea Region: The Case for Co-operation. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut (Monograph 10).

Roongshivin P. 1983 “Trends and Consequences of Thai Labor Migration to the Middle East”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Royal Scientific Society 1978 Report of the Study Group on Worker Migration Abroad. Amman: RSS/Population Council.

Sadr M. and Beauge G. 1981 “Social and Economic Determinants of the Movement of Labour in the Arab Region”, Conference on Population and Development in the Arab Region, API, Kuwait. (Arabic).

Saket B. 1984 Worker Migration Abroad: Socio-economic Implications for Households in Jordan. Amman: RSS.

al-Salem F. and Dhaher A. 1982 Expatriate Labour in the Gulf. Kuwait: Dar Dhat al-Salasil. (Arabic).

Seccombe I.J. 1984a International Labour Migration and Skill Scarcity: The Hashamite Kingdom of Jordan. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 14).

Seccombe I.J. 1984b “International Migration in the Middle East: Historical Trends, Contemporary Patterns and Consequences”. Paris: UNESCO.

Seccombe I.J. 1983 “Labour Migration to the Arabian Gulf: Evolution and Characteristics, 1920–50”, Bulletin British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, 10(1):3–20.

Seccombe I.J. 1981 Manpower and Migration: The Effects of International Labour Migration on Agricultural Development in the East Jordan Valley. Durham: Durham University, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies. Occasional Papers Series No. 11.

Serageldin I. , 1983a Manpower and International Labour Migration in the Middle East and North Africa. London: Oxford University Press.

Serageldin I. , 1983b “Human Resources in the Arab World: The Impact of Migration”. In Arab Resources: The Transformation of a Society. Edited by Ibrahim I. London: Croom Helm.

Share M.A. 1980 “A Rate of Return Analysis of the Education of Jordanian Workers”. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Wales.

Shaw R.P. 1978 “Migration and Employment in the Arab World: Construction as a Key Policy Variable”. In Population, Employment and Migration in the Arab Gulf States. API/ILO. Kuwait: API.

Siddiqui A.M.A. 1983 “Economic and Non-economic Impact of Migration from Bangladesh: An Overview”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Singhanetra-Renard A. 1983 “Going Abroad: Thai Labor Movement to the Middle East from the Village Standpoint”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Smart J.E. 1984 “Worker Circulation Between Asia and the Middle East: The Structural Intersection of Labour Markets”. JUSSP Workshop on the Consequences of International Migration, Canberra.

Smart J.E. , 1983 “Skills and Earnings: Issues in the Developmental Impact of Middle East Employment on the Philippines”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Stahl C.W. 1984 International Labour Migration and the ASEAN Economies. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 13).

Swanson J.C. 1979 Emigration and Economic Development: The Case of the YAR. Boulder: Westview.

al-Tamimi A.K. 1983 “The Political Effects of Foreign Labour”. In Foreign Labour in the Arab Gulf States. Edited by Fergany N. Beirut: Centre for Arab Unity Studies. (Arabic).

Tandon A.K. 1983 “Policies and Programs Concerning Labor Migration from India to the Middle East”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Taylor E. 1984 “Egyptian Migration and Peasant Wives”, MERIP, No. 124:3–10. June.

Tomas P.A. 1983 “Overseas Employment in the Philippines: Policies and Programs”, Conference on Asian Labor Migration to the Middle East, East-West Center, Honolulu.

Weiner M. 1982 “International Migration and Development: Indians in the Gulf, Population and Development Review, 8(1):l–36.

World Bank 1981 Manpower and International Labor Migration in the Middle East and North Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Zar Z. 1984 Recruitment Practices and Working and Living Conditions of Asian Migrant Workers in the Middle East: Problems and Possible Solutions. Geneva: ILO, International Migration for Employment Project (Working Paper No. 12).