That undocumented migration persists and is widespread in Africa is due to a number of interrelated factors: the absence of barriers or, arbitrariness of national frontiers; the large stretch of unpoliced borders; ignorance about the existence of borders; and the absence or inadequacy of migration laws and regulations in both the country of origin and destination (ICM. 1983). Thus, in Africa in particular, the national frontiers which divide social, ethnic and economic communities inadvertently give rise to undocumented migration; in most cases it is difficult to know when a traveler actually crosses international borders.
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