This article examines the employment and migration experiences of recent middle school graduates in Ghana through the results of a survey conducted among 312 middle school headteachers early in 1977.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BairochP.1973Urban Unemployment in Developing Countries.Geneva: International Labor Office.
2.
BealsR.E., 1967 “Rationality and Migration in Ghana”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 49:480–486.
3.
BezansonK.1971a Secondary School Leaver Research Project: Report of the Pilot Project.Accra: Ministry of Education.
4.
BezansonK.1971b Survey of Middle Continuation School Leavers.Accra: Ministry of Education.
5.
BlaugM.1973Education and the Employment Problem in Developing Countries.Geneva: International Labor Office.
6.
BoydT. and FrenchS.1973 “A Summary of Research Findings on Secondary School Leaver Employment in Ghana 1969-1971”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 6(1):56–61.
7.
CaldwellJ.C.1969African Rural-Urban Migration: The Movement to Ghana's Towns.New York: Columbia University Press.
8.
CallawayA.1963 “Unemployment Among African School Leavers”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 1(3):351–371.
9.
CallawayA.1971Educational Planning and Unemployed Youth.Paris: UNESCO.
10.
ClignetR. and FosterP.1966The Fortunate Few: A Study of Secondary Schools and Students in the Ivory Coast.Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press.
11.
ConroyJ.D.1975 “A Model of Educational Expansion and Unemployment in Papua, New Guinea”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 8:49–66. April.
12.
deGraft-JohnsonK.T.1974 “Population Growth and Rural-Urban Migration, with Special Reference to Ghana”, International Labour Review, 109(5-6):471-485.
13.
EedleJ.H.1973 “Education and Unemployment”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 6(1):39–55.
14.
ElizagaJ.C.1966 “A Study on Immigrations to Greater Santiago (Chile)”, Demography, 13:352–377.
15.
EvansE.1975 “Secondary Education, Unemployment and Crime in Kenya”, Journal of Modern African Studies, 13(1):55–66.
16.
EwusiK.1974 “The Socio-Economic Determinants of Inter-Regional Migration in Ghana”. Unpublished I.S.S.E.R. paper, University of Ghana.
17.
FosterP.J.1965a Education and Social Change in Ghana. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
18.
FosterP.J.1965b “The Vocational School Fallacy in Development Planning”. In Education and Economic Development. Edited by AndersonC.A. and BowmanM.J.Chicago: Aldine. Pp. 142–166.
19.
FosterP.J.1968 “Some Remarks on Education and Unemployment in Africa”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 1 (2): Nov.
20.
GarstR.D.1978 “Rural African Perceptions of the City”, Southeastern Geographer, 18(1):1–18.
21.
GreenhalghC.1972 “Income Differentials in the Eastern Region of Ghana”, Economic Bulletin of Ghana, 2(3):3–14.
22.
GreenwoodM.J.1971 “A Regression Analysis of Migration to Urban Areas of a Less-Developed Country: The Case of India”, Journal of Regional Science, 11(2):253–262.
23.
HanfR., 1975 “Education: An Obstacle to Development”, Comparative Education Review, 19(1):68–87.
24.
HarrisJ.R. and TodaroM.P.1970 “Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two Sector Analysis”, American Economic Review.60:126–142. March.
25.
HerrickB.1965Urban Migration and Economic Development in Chile.Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press.
26.
International Labor Organization1972Employment, Incomes and Equality: A Strategy for Increasing Productive Employment in Kenya.Geneva: ILO.
27.
KnightJ.B.1972 “Rural-Urban Income Comparisons and Migration in Ghana”, Bulletin of Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics, 34(2):199–228.
28.
LeleU.1975The Design of Rural Development: Lessons from Africa.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
29.
LevyB.L. and WadyckiW.J.1974 “What is the Opportunity Cost of Moving? Reconsideration of the Effects of Distance on Migration”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 22:198–214.
30.
MabeyS.J.1977 “Employment Prospects of Middle School Leavers”. Ongoing I.S.S.E.R. research project. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana.
31.
Ministry of Economic Planning1977Five-Year Development Plan 1975/76-1979/80.Accra: Ghana Publishing Corporation.
32.
Ministry of Education1976Digest of Educational Statistics.Accra: Ministry of Education.
33.
MoochJ.L.1974 “Pragmatism and the Primary School: The Case of a Non-Rural Village”. In Education, Society and Development. Edited by CourtD., and GhaiD.Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
34.
OwensE. and ShawR.1972Development Reconsidered.New York: Praeger.
35.
PeilM.1966 “Middle School Leavers: Occupational Aspirations and Prospects”, Ghana Journal of Sociology, 2:7–16.
36.
PeilM.1968 “Migration of Middle School Leavers in Ghana”. Paper presented at the Symposium on Population and Socio-Economic Development in Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
37.
PeilM.1970 “Ghanaian Middle School Leavers: A Follow/Up Study”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 3(2):13–18.
38.
PeilM.1972The Ghanaian Factory Worker.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39.
PeilM.1977 Personal correspondence.
40.
RadoE.R.1973 “The Explosive Model”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 6(2):99–105.
41.
RichardsonH.W.1969Regional Economics.London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
42.
RondinelliD.A. and RuddleK.1978Urbanization and Rural Development: A Spatial Policy for Equitable Growth.New York: Praeger.
43.
SahotaG.S.1968 “An Economic Analysis of Internal Migration in Brazil”, Journal of Political Economy, 76(2):218–245.
44.
SomersetH.C.S. 1974 “Educational Aspirations of Fourth-Form Pupils in Kenya”. In Education, Society and Development. Edited by CourtD. and GhaiD.Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
45.
SpeareA.Jr., 1971 “A Cost-Benefit Model of Rural to Urban Migration in Taiwan”, Population Studies, 25:117–130.
46.
SubrahmanyaM.T. and ScottC.1968 “Survey of Ghana Middle Schools 1967”. Legon, Ghana: University of Ghana I.S.S.E.R. Technical Publication Series No. 4.
47.
WeeksS.G.1972 “Blight or Blessing? Fact and Fantasy on School Leavers in Uganda: A Position Paper for Policy Makers”, Manpower and Unemployment Research in Africa, 5(1):38–48.
