Abstract
Five new cases of metastatic basal cell carcinoma are presented to highlight the potential of this tumor to develop malignant metastases. Histologic criteria of the primary and metastatic site are presented along with a review of the pertinent world literature.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Conway
H
Hugo
NE
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma . Am J Surg
110 :620 –624 , 1965 .
2.
Costanza
ME
Dayal
Y
Binder
S
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: A review, report of a case and chemotherapy . Cancer
34 :230 –235 , 1974 .
3.
Beadles
CF
: Roden ulcer . Trans Pathol Soc Lond
45 :176 –181 , 1894 .
4.
Lattes
R
Kessler
RW
: Metastasizing basal cell epidielioma of the skin . Cancer
4 :866 –878 , 1951 .
5.
Fordyce
JA
: Cancer of the skin . J Cutan Genito-Urin Dis
20 :147 –157 , 1902 .
6.
Hazen
HH
: Basal celled cancers of the skin . South Med J
10 :241 –246 , 1917 .
7.
Finnerud
CW
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma from the skin: Report of two cases . JAMA
82 :775 –778 , 1924 .
8.
Niles
HD
: Metastasis of basal-cell epithelioma: Report of case with histologic picture of basal-cell epithelioma and clinical course of squamous-cell epithelioma . Am J Cancer
15 (Suppl ): 2341 –2356 , 1931 .
9.
Spies
JW
: Adenoid cystic carcinoma: Generalized metastases in three cases of basal cell type . Arch Surg
21 :365 –404 , 1930 .
10.
de Navasquez
S
: Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma . J Pathol Bact
53 :437 –439 , 1941 .
11.
Singer
A
: Basal-cell carcinoma of face with remote metastases and pathological fractures . Br J Surg
32 :537 –538 , 1944 .
12.
Amersback
JC
: Metastatic basal cell epithelioma . Arch Dermatol
56 :172 –178 , 1947 .
13.
Small
CS
Linda
L
Hankins
FD
: Basal cell carcinoma with metastases: A report of two cases . Arch Pathol
47 :196 –204 , 1949 .
14.
Eckhoff
NL
: Recurrent multiple and metastasizing basal-celled carcinomata . Br J Plast Surg
3 :264 –281 , 1951 .
15.
Huntington
RW
Jr
Levan
NE
: Basal-cell carcinoma metastatic from skin . Arch Dermatol
75 :676 –677 , 1957 .
16.
Rank
BK
: Metastasizing basal cell epithelioma . Aust NZ J Surg
27 :279 –282 , 1958 .
17.
Cotran
RS
: Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma . Cancer
14 :1036 –1040 , 1961 .
18.
Nelson
WR
Kell
JF
Kay
ST
: Temporal bone resection and radical neck dissection for basal cell carcinoma with metastases . Surg Gynecol Obstet
115 :585 –592 , 1962 .
19.
Dahlgren
S
Martensson
B
: Metastasizing basal-cell carcinoma . Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand
59 :335 –340 , 1963 .
20.
Lewin
ML
: Basal cell carcinoma: Two cases with unusual features . Plast Reconstr Surg
32 :334 –347 , 1963 .
21.
Crawford
HJ
Joslin
CAF
: Metastasizing basal-cell carcinoma . J Pathol
87 :437 –440 , 1964 .
22.
Pickren
JW
Katz
AD
: Aspiration metastases from basal cell carcinoma . Cancer
11 :183 –189 , 1958 .
23.
Foot
NC
: Adnexal carcinoma of the skin . Am J Pathol
23 :1 –27 , 1947 .
24.
Jay
B
: Basal cell carcinoma: Study of a carcinoma metastasizing to the lung . Arch Dermatol
93 :345 –357 , 1966 .
25.
Stell
JS
Moyer
DG
Dehne
E
: Basal cell epithelioma metastatic to bone . Arch Dermatol
93 :338 –340 , 1966 .
26.
Assor
D
: Basal cell carcinoma with metastasis to bone . Cancer
20 :2125 –2137 , 1967 .
27.
Lakshmipathi
T
Hunt
KM
: Metastasizing basal-cell carcinoma . Br J Dermatol
79 :267 –270 , 1967 .
28.
Hirshowitz
B
Mahler
D
: Unusual case of multiple basal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the parotid lymph gland . Cancer
22 :654 –657 , 1968 .
29.
Mikhail
GR
Kelly
AP
Jr
Elmquist
JG
: Metastatic basal cell epithelioma discovered by chemosurgery . Arch Dermatol
105 :103 –104 , 1972 .
30.
Mikhail
GR
Kelly
AP
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: Review, pathogenesis, and report of two cases . Arch Dermatol
113 :1261 –1269 , 1977 .
31.
Chien
WL
: Basal cell carcinoma with metastases to bone and lung . Va Med
93 :14 –17 , 1966 .
32.
Wermuth
BM
Fajardo
LF
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: A review . Arch Pathol
90 :458 –462 , 1970 .
33.
Hall
TE
Tappan
WM
Decker
JW
: Basal cell carcinoma with metastases: Report of two cases . Rocky Mt Med J
67 :39 –40 , 1970 .
34.
Mantell
BS
Almeyda
J
: Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma . Br J Radiol
45 :575 –578 , 1972 .
35.
Harris
JH
Jr
Libshitz
H
: Basal cell carcinoma of skin metastasizing to bone . J Can Assoc Radiol
23 :217 –220 , 1972 .
36.
Cornelius
Cehi
: Bone—A site of metastatic basal cell carcinoma . Arch Surg
104 :848 –850 , 1972 .
37.
Jackson
R
Adams
RH
: Horrifying basal cell carcinoma: A study of 33 cases and a comparison with 435 non-horror cases, and a report on four metastatic cases . J Surg Oncol
5 :431 –462 , 1973 .
38.
Hughes
JM
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: A report of two cases and a review of literature . Clin Radiol
24 :392 –393 , 1973 .
39.
Funkhouser
JW
Auythia
IN
: Metastasizing basal cell carcinoma: Case report . Ohio State Med J
69 :521 –523 , 1973 .
40.
Safai
K
Good
RA
: Basal cell carcinoma with metastasis . Arch Pathol
101 :327 –331 , 1977 .
41.
Bryarly
RC
Jr
Veach
SR
Kornblut
AD
: Metastasizing auricular basal cell carcinoma . OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG
88 :40 –43 , 1980 .
42.
Paver
K
Poyzer
K
Burry
N
: The incidence of basal cell carcinoma and their metastases in Australia and New Zealand . Aust J Dermatol
14 :53 –56 , 1973 .
43.
Binkley
GW
Rauschkolb
RE
: Basal cell epithelioma metastasizing to lymph nodes . Arch Dermatol
86 :332 –335 , 1962 .
44.
Jiminez
HT
Fenoglio
CM
Richart
RM
: Vulvar basal cell carcinoma with metastasis: A case report . Am J Obstet Gynecol
121 :282 –286 , 1975 .
45.
Levine
HL
Bailin
PL
: Basal cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Identification of the high risk patient . Laryngoscope
90 :955 –958 , 1980 .
46.
Hauben
DJ
Zirkin
H
Mahler
D
Sacks
M
: The biologic behavior of basal cell carcinoma: Analysis of recurrence. I & II . Plast Reconstr Surg
69 :103 –116 , 1982 .
47.
Hirshowitz
B
Mahler
D
: Incurable recurrences of basal cell carcinoma of the mid-face following irradiation therapy . Br J Plast Surg
24 :205 , 1971 .
48.
Dellon
AL
: Host-tumor relationships in basal cell and squamous cell cancer of the skin . Plast Reconstr Surg
62 :37 –48 , 1978 .
49.
Pickering
PP
Nickel
WR
: Classifications of basal cell carcinoma . Plast Reconstr Surg
19 :218 –223 , 1957 .
50.
Helwig
O
Thomas
CC
: Discussion: Basal cell carcinoma of the left leg with metastasis to left inguinal lymph nodes, multiple skin metastases and involvement of bone marrow . Arch Dermatol
97 :597 , 1968 .
51.
Batsakis
JG
: Tumors of the head and neck; clinical and pathological considerations , 2nd ed.
Baltimore , 1979 , The Williams & Wilkins Co , pp 243 –246 .
52.
Dellon
AL
: The immunobiology of skin cancer . Plast Reconstr Surg
55 :341 –354 , 1975 .
53.
Pinkus
H
: Premalignant fibroepithelial tumors of skin . Arch Dermatol
67 :598 –615 , 1953 .
54.
Van Scott
EJ
Reinertson
RP
: The modulating influence of stromal environment on epithelial cells studied in human auto-transplants . J Invest Dermatol
36 :109 –131 , 1961 .
55.
Gerstein
W
: Transplantation of basal cell epithelioma to the rabbit . Arch Dermatol
88 :834 –836 , 1963 .
56.
Briggs
RM
Pestrana
I
: Long-term survival in basal cell carcinoma metastatic to bone: A case report . Ann Plast Surg
3 :549 –554 , 1979 .
57.
Vasquez
RM
Kaminski
MV
: A manual of nutritional and metabolic support . Chicago , 1978 , Department of Surgery, Northwestern Memorial Hospital .
58.
Jarchow
RC
Rhodes
MF
: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: Report of a case . Laryngoscope
93 :481 –482 , 1983 .
