A Novel Rapid-Prototyped Temporal Bone Model for Surgical Dissection

Abstract

Objectives:

Temporal bone surgery requires knowledge of complex 3D anatomical features and significant technical skill. An adjunctive training methodology is needed, as educational experiences are limited while public expectations regarding outcome are understandably high. Models employed in training must accurately duplicate the surgical experience, simulating bone structure and procedural drilling qualities. This study describes a novel rapid-prototyped model made of 3D printed rigid, bone-like material and includes both face and content validation. In contrast to previous iterations, the model represents requisite subcortical density, and air spaces are void of printing material.

Methods:

Model aeration was assessed. Different harden-ing agents/resins were compared to sheep femur in accelerometer-based vibrational properties, penetration depth, and tensile and compressive strength analysis. Two subjective trials provided face validation. Surgeons compared disparate resin agents to sheep femur, while residents compared the model to cadaveric bone. The residents evaluated appearance, mechanical properties, surgical approaches, and educational value.

Results:

The model illustrates comparable aeration to the template images. Hardening resins all compared favorably to sheep bone in mechanical properties and subjective ratings. Face validation found the Rapid Prototyped Model to have realism in appearance, drill character, and surgical approach and significant perceived educational benefit.

Conclusions:

The model performs well in subjective and objective analysis, with representative mechanical properties, and provides a platform for adjunctive training.