Abstract
Objective: It has been suggested that fungi may have trigger effects for CRS. It was reported that PBMCs from CRS patients produced IL-5, IL-13 and INF-gamma by Alternaria. Kobayashi reported that Alternaria produced potent Th2-like adjuvant effects in the airway. We hypothesized that Alternaria inhibits Th1-type defense mechanisms against virus infection.
Method: The functional responses were assessed by expression of cell surface molecules by FACS (MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, OX40L and CCR7). IL-6, IP-10, and I-TAC were measured by ELISA kits (R&D Systems). TLR3 mRNA and protein expression were detected by real time–PCR and Western blotting.
Results: Alternaria and Poly I:C induced surface molecules of MHC Class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, OX40L, and CCR7 and IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. But, Alternaria significantly inhibited IP-10, I-TAC, and IFN-gamma production induced by Poly I:C. TLR3 mRNA expression and protein production by Poly I:C were significantly inhibited by Alternairia. It was considered that these reactions were caused by heat-resistance and over 100 molecular weight substance from Alternaria.
Conclusion: From these results, it was found that the presence of Alternaria inhibited a production of IFN-gamma by inhibiting expression of TLR3 and inhibited a production of IP -10 and I-TAC. Alternaria inhibits defense mechanisms against virus infection. It was suggested that Alternaria caused suppression for innate immune systems.
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