Simulation in Otolaryngology Education: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Evidence

Abstract

Objective: Systematically synthesize the peer-reviewed evidence for use of simulation in otolaryngology education.

Method: A systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature was performed to identify evidence for use of simulation in otolaryngology education. Identified articles were analyzed by three independent coders across 19 parameters encompassing study methodology, simulator information, subject information, skills taught, and outcome measures.

Results: Level V evidence dominates the peer-reviewed literature. Medical knowledge is the ACGME core competency most frequently taught. Many subspecialties within otolaryngology are underrepresented. Most simulators consist of anatomical models, and most studied simulators are high-fidelity simulators. Most studies lack a control group, and most do not use validated outcome measures. Education theory is underused. However, most studies conclude that the device employed or described is effective.

Conclusion: While there is a modest amount of peer-reviewed evidence for the use of simulation in otolaryngology education, there remain many gaps that translate to opportunities for academic otolaryngologists.