Culturally consistent community-based health promotion interventions have been identified as integral components of strategies to decrease health disparities. The limited number of culturally competent scholars impedes the development of appropriate interventions. This article examines issues relevant to the development of scholars interested in community-based health promotion research. It is the outcome of a series of discussions by the authors held over a 3-month period. Specific topics include classroom and communal educational opportunities to enhance cultural competence and creation of supportive environments for aspiring community-based scholars. Particular attention is given to the importance of ongoing opportunities for interaction between students and lay community scholars.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing . (1991). Position statements: Cultural diversity in nursing practice. Retrieved September 21, 2001, from http://wwwnursingworld.org/readingroom/position/ethics/etcldv.htm
3.
American Association of Colleges of Nursing . (1999). Nursing education’s agenda for the 21st century. Retrieved September 21, 2001, from http://wwwaacn.nche.edu/publications/positions/nrsgedag.htm
4.
Banks-Wallace, J. (2000). Womanist ways of knowing: Theoretical considerations for research with African American women. Advances in Nursing Science, 22(3), 33-45.
5.
Banks-Wallace, J. (in press). Talk that talk: Storytelling and analysis rooted in African American oral tradition. Qualitative Health Research.
6.
Barbee, E. (1994). A Black feminist approach to nursing research. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 16(5), 495-506.
7.
Barnett, E. , Casper, M., Halverson, J., Elmes, G., Braham, V., Majeed, Z., Bloom, A., & Stanley, S. (2001). Men and heart disease: An atlas of racial and ethnic disparities in mortality (1st ed.). Morgantown: West Virginia University, Office for Social Environmental and Health Research.
8.
Belenky, M. , Clinchy, B., Goldberger, N., & Tarule, J. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York: Basic Books.
9.
Boutain, D. (1999). Critical nursing scholarship: Exploring critical social theory with African American studies. Advances in Nursing Science, 21(4), 37-47.
10.
Brown, E. (1989). Mothers of mind. Sage, 6(1), 4-11.
11.
Buerhaus, P. , & Auerbach, D. (1999). Slow growth in the United States of the number of minorities in the RN workforce. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(2), 179-183.
12.
Burt, V. , Whelton, P., Rocella, E., Brown, C., Brown, C., Cutler, J., et al. (1995). Prevalence of hypertension in the U.S. adult population: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991. Hypertension, 25(3), 305-313.
13.
Campinha-Bacote, J. (1999). A model and instrument for addressing cultural competence in health care. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(5), 203-207.
14.
Cannon, K. (1995). Katie’s Canon: Womanism and the soul of the Black community. New York: Continuum.
15.
Casper, M. , Barnett, E., Halverson, J., Elmes, G., Braham, V., Majeed, Z., Bloom, A., & Stanley, S. (2000). Women and heart disease: An atlas of racial and ethnic disparities in mortality (2nd ed.). Morgantown: West Virginia University, Office for Social Environmental and Health Research.
16.
Catolico, O. (1997). Psychological well-being of Cambodian women in resettlement. Advances in Nursing Science, 19(4), 75-84.
17.
Cauce, A. , Coronado, N., & Watson, J. (1998). Conceptual, methodological, and statistical issues in culturally competent research. In M. Hernandez & M. R. Issacs (Eds.), Promoting cultural competence in children’s mental health services (pp. 305-331). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
18.
Center for Research in Nursing Education and Community Health . (1997). Nursing data review 1997 (NLN Publication No. 19-7327). New York: National League for Nursing Press.
19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (1999). CDC performance plan: Eliminating racial and ethnic disparities. Retrieved September 11, 2001, from http://www.cdc.gov/od/perfplan/2000xv.htm
20.
Chung, V. (2000). Mentoring Asian and Pacific Islander nurses. Minority Nurse, (Spring), 40-42.
21.
Crespo, C. , Keteyian, S., Heath, G., & Sempos, C. (1996). Leisure time physical activity among U.S. adults: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Archives of Internal Medicine, 156, 93-98.
22.
Crow, K. (1993). Multiculturalism and pluralistic thought in nursing education: Native American world view and the nursing academic world view. Journal of Nursing Education, 32(5), 198-204.
23.
Freudenberg, N. , Lee, J., & Germain, L. (1994). Reaching low-income women at risk of AIDS: A case history of a drop-in center for women in the South Bronx, New York City. Health Education Research, 9(1), 119-132.
24.
Fuqua, S. , Funches, C., Jacobs, W., Johnson, Z., Jones, K., Latiker, M., et al. (2001). Tales from the field: Recruiter’s experience of enacting a community-driven model of recruitment in the first year of the Jackson Heart Study [Abstract]. Ethnicity and Disease, 11(2), 362.
25.
Gonzalez, R. (1999). ANA advocates more diversity in nursing. AJN, 99(11), 24.
26.
Gray, D. P. , Kramer, M., Minick, P., McGehee, L., Thomas, D., & Greiner, D. (1996). Heterosexism in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 35(5), 204-210.
27.
Heinrich, K. T. , Rogers, A., Haley, R., & Taylor, A. (1997). Mid-life women doctoral students rediscover “voice” in a community of scholarly caring. Journal of Professional Nursing, 13(6), 352-364.
28.
Hinshaw, A. (1999). Career trajectory of a nurse scientist. In E. J. Sullivan (Ed.), Creating nursing’s future. St. Louis: Mosby.
29.
Israel, B. , Schulz, A., Parker, E., & Becker, A. (1998). Review of community-based research: Assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health, 19, 173-202.
30.
James, J. , & Farmer, R. (1993). Spirit, space, and survival: African American women in (White) academe. New York: Routledge.
31.
Kendall, J. (1992). Fighting back: Promoting emancipatory nursing actions. Advances in Nursing Science, 15(2), 1-15.
32.
(Reprinted from Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 29(1), 11-15)
33.
Lauver, D. (2000). Commonalities in women’s spirituality and women’s health. Advances in Nursing Science, 22(3), 76-88.
34.
Levine, D. , Becker, D., Bone, L., Stillman, F., Tuggle, M. II, Prentice, M., Carter, J., & Filippeli, J. (1992). A partnership with minority populations: A community model of effectiveness research. Ethnicity and Disease, 2, 296-305.
35.
Lowe, J. , & Struthers, R. (2001). A conceptual framework of nursing in Native American culture. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(3), 279-283.
36.
Luttrell, W. (1989). Working-class women’s ways of knowing: Effects of gender, race, and class. Sociology of Education, 62(January), 33-46.
37.
Malone, B. , & Marullo, G. (1997). Workforce trends among U.S. registered nurses. Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org.readroom/usworker.htm
38.
Maloy, M. (2000). Spiritual approaches. In E. Olshansky (Ed.), Integrated women’s health: Holistic approaches for comprehensive care (pp. 300-319). Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen.
39.
Marquand, B. (2001). Resolving differences within diversity. Minority Nurse, (Winter), 38-40.
40.
Meleis, A. (1996). Culturally competent scholarship: Substance and rigor. Advances in Nursing Science, 19(2), 1-16.
41.
Meleis, A. , Hall, J., & Stevens, P. (1994). Scholarly caring in doctoral nursing education: Promoting diversity and collaborative mentorship. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 26(3), 177-180.
42.
Merrill, E. (1998). Culturally diverse students enrolled in nursing: Barriers influencing success. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 5(2), 58-67.
43.
Morrison, E. F. , & Thornton, K. A. (1999). Influence of Southern spiritual beliefs on perceptions of mental illness. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 20(1), 1-16.
44.
National Center for Health Statistics . (2000). Early release of selected estimates from the National Health Interview Survey: Data fromyear 2000 and early 2001. Retrieved September 21, 2001, from http://wwwcdc.gov/nchs/about/major/nhis/earlyrelease2000.htm
45.
National League for Nursing . (1999). Nurse Educators 1997: Findings from the RN and LPN faculty census. Boston: Jones and Bartlett.
46.
Palmer, P. (2001). Eureka! Investigating careers in research. Minority Nurse, (Winter), 30-33.
47.
Phillips, J. , Cohen, M., & Tarzian, A. (2001). African American women’s experiences with breast cancer screening. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 33(2), 135-140.
48.
Porter, C. , & Villarruel, A. (1993). Nursing research with African American and Hispanic people: Guidelines for action. Nursing Outlook, 41(2), 59-67.
49.
Price Spratlen, L. (2000). African American registered nurses in Seattle: The struggle for opportunity and success. Seattle: Peanut Butter.
50.
Rains, F. (1995). Views from within: Women faculty of color in a research university (UMI No. 9531530). Ann Arbor, MI: UMI.
51.
Robinson, S. , Roary, M., Dennison, C., Hill, M., Lewis, L., Lewis, C., et al. (2001). Sustained high follow-up rates in a longitudinal study of hypertensive urban Black men [Abstract]. Ethnicity and Disease, 11(2), 351.
52.
Roux, A. , Merkin, S., Arnett, D., Chambless, L., Massing, M., Nieto, F., et al. (2001). Neighborhood residence and incidence of coronary heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(2), 99-106.
53.
Tanner, C. (1996). Editorial. Cultural diversity in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 35(7), 291-292.
54.
Taylor, W. , Baranowski, T., & Young, D. (1998). Physical activity interventions in low-income, ethnic minority, and populations with disability. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4), 334-343.
55.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (2000a). Healthy people 2010: Understanding and improving health (2nd ed.). Retrieved September 11, 2001, from http://www.healthypeople.gov
56.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (2000b). National sample survey of registered nurses. Rockville, MD: Bureau of Health Professions, Division of Nursing.
57.
Vance, C. (2000). Discovering the riches in mentor connections. Reflections in Nursing Leadership, 3, 24-25.
58.
Williams, C. , Frame, M., & Green, E. (1999). Counseling groups for African American women: A focus on spirituality. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 24(3), 260-273.
59.
Williams, D. (2001). Reach out, we’ll be there. Minority Nurse, (Winter), 16-19.
60.
Wood, D. (2001). Mentors to the max. Minority Nurse, (Summer), 52-56.
61.
Woods, I. (1998). Bringing harm reduction to the Black community. In G. A. Marlatt (Ed.), Harm reduction: Pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviors. New York: Guilford.
62.
Yancey, A. (1999). Facilitating health promotion in communities of color. Cancer Research Therapy and Control, 11, 113-122.
63.
Young, A. , Taylor, S., & Renpenning, K. (2001). Connections: Nursing research, theory, and practice. St. Louis: Mosby.
