The relationship between nurse practitioner students and their clinical teachers (preceptors) may have an impact on students' confidence in their ability to take on the advanced practice role of the nurse practitioner. This descriptive, correlational study investigated the relationship between nurse practitioner students'perceptions of mentoring by their clinical preceptors and student selfefficacy. Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory and Biddle's Role Theory provided the frameworkfor the research. Study results may have an impact on graduate nursing program philosophy, clinical placement management strategies, and preceptor selection.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, E. , Leonard, B., & Yates, J. (1974). Epigenesis of the nurse practitioner role. American Journal of Nursing, 74, 1813-1816.
2.
Atwood, A. (1979). The mentor in clinical practice. Nursing Outlook, 27, 714-717.
3.
Baille, L. (1993). Factors affecting student nurses' learning in community placements. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 1043-1053.
4.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward aunifyingtheory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
5.
Biddle, B. (1979). Role theory: Expectation, identities, and behaviors. New York: Academic Press.
6.
Bidwell, S. , & Brasler, M. (1989). Role modeling versus mentoring in nursing education. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2, 23-25.
7.
Bova, B. , & Phillips, R. (1984). Mentoring as a learning experience for adults. Journal of Teacher Education, 33(5), 16-20.
8.
Bowen, D. (1985). Were men meant to mentorwomen?Training and Development Journal, 39, 30-34.
9.
Burns, P. , Weatherby, F., Forni, P., Moran, M., Allen, M., Baker, C., & Booten, D. (1993). Master's degree nursing education: State of the art. Journal of Professional Nursing, 9(5), 267-277.
10.
Caine, R. M. (1989). Mentoring the novice clinical nurse specialist. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 3(2), 76-78.
11.
Carmin, C. (1988). Issues in research in mentoring: Definitional and methodological. International Journal of Mentoring, 2(2), 9-12.
12.
Cole, F. (1988). Mentor: An examination of the concept for intersubjectivity between the discipline of business and the discipline of nursing. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas, Austin, 1988). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 28-102.
13.
Coppel, D. (1980). The relationship of perceived social support and self-efficacy to major and minor stresses. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 1980.) Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 18-42.
14.
Darling, L. (1984). What donurses want in amentor?Journal of Nursing Administration, 14(10), 42-44.
15.
Donovan, J. (1990). The concept and role of mentor. Nurse Education Today, 10, 294-298.
16.
Fagan, M. (1988). The term "mentor": A review of the literature and a pragmatic suggestion. International Journal of Mentoring, 2(2), 5-8.
17.
Fields, W. (1988). Analysis of the concept "mentor."International Journal of Mentoring, 2(2), 14-19.
18.
Franks, R. , Nutting, P., & Clancy, C. (1993). Health care reform, primary care, and the need for research. Journal of the American Medical Association, 27, 1449-1453.
19.
Freeman, S. (1989). The mentor experience as perceived by nurse practitioners: Implications for curriculum design. (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia State University, 1989.) Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 22-44.
20.
Grundy, S. (1992). The confidence scale: Development and psychometric characteristics. Nurse Educator, 18, 6-9.
21.
Hagopian, G. , Ferts, G., & Jacobs, L. (1992). Preparing clinical preceptors to teach master's level students in oncology. Journal of Professional Nursing, 5, 295-296.
22.
Hall, R. , & Sandler, B. (1983). Academicment oring for women students andfaculty: A new look at an old way to get ahead. Washington, DC: Project on the Status of Education of Women, Association of American Colleges.
23.
Hardin, S. B. , Weinrich, S., Weinrich, M., Hardin, T., & Garrison, C. (1990). An intervention to decrease disaster stress in adolescents (Grant No. RO 1-47551). Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health.
24.
Hupcey, J. (1986). The socialization process for master's level NPS: Students expectations of their future roles and the socialization factors which influence these role expectations (Doctoral dissertation, Columbia University, 1986.) Dissertation Abstracts International, 49(9), 17-58.
25.
Johnson, R. (1993). Nurse practitioner-patient discourse: Uncovering the voice ofnursing in primary care practice. Scholarly Inquiryfor Nursing Practice: An International Journal, 7(3), 143-157.
26.
Jowers, L. , & Herr, K. (1990). A review of the literature on mentor-protege relationships (Publication No. 15-2339 [3]). New York: National League for Nursing.
27.
Kram, K. (1985). Improving the mentoring process. Training and Development Journal, 39(4), 40-43.
28.
Levinson, D. , Darrow, C., Klein, M., & McKee, B. (1978). The seasons of a man's life. New York: Ballantine.
29.
National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) . (1991). Domains and competencies of nurse practitionerpractice. In Advanced nursingpractice: Nurse practitioner curriculum guidelines (pp. 2-35). Chicago: Author.
30.
Prestholdt, C. (1990). Strategies for developing contemporary nursing leadership. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 15, 20-27.
31.
Risco, K. , & Hakos, L. (1992). Caring for the caregiver: The art of mentoring. Pennsylvania Nurse, 4, 16-17.
32.
Scott, M. (1992). Designing effective mentoring programs: Historical perspectives and current issues. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 6(30), 167-176.
33.
Spengler, C. (1982). Mentor-protdgd relationships: A study of career development among female nurse doctorates. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia) Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 13-41.
34.
Thibodeau, J. , & Hawkins, J. (1994). Moving toward a nursing model in advanced practice. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 16, 205-218.
35.
Vance, C. (1982). The mentor connection. Journal of Nursing Admninistration, 12(4), 7-13.
36.
Vance, C. , & Olson, R. (1991). Mentorship. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 9, 175-200.
37.
Walker, L. , & Avant, K. (1995). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.
38.
Watkins, E. (1993). Development of the psychotherapy supervisor: Concepts, assumptions, and hypothesis of the supervisor complexity module. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 47, 58-93.
39.
Wuest, J. (1994). A feminist approach to concept analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 16, 577-586.
40.
Yoder, L. (1990). Mentoring: A concept analysis. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 15, 9-19.
