Czapek, E. E. (1974). latrogenic prolonged PTT: A non-disease state. Journal of the American Medical Association, 227, 1304-1304.
2.
Deib, E. , & Mattia, P. (1976). How much heparin in the lock. American Journal of I.V Therapy, 3(1), 23-26.
3.
Dunn, D. L. , & Lenihan, S. F. (1987). The case for the saline flush.American Journal of Nursing, 87, 798-799.
4.
Epperson, E. L. (1984). Efficacy of 0.9% sodium chloride injection with and without heparin for maintaining indwelling intermittent injection sites. Clinical Pharmacy, 3, 626-629.
5.
Garrelts, J. C. , La Rocca, J., Ast, D., Smith, D. F., Jr., & Sweet, D. E. (1989). Comparison of heparin and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in the maintenance of indwelling intermittent I.V. devices. Clinical Pharmacy, 8(1), 34-39.
6.
Hamilton, R. A. , Plis, J. M., Clay, C., & Sylvan, L. (1988). Heparin sodium versus 0.9% sodium chloride injection for maintaining patency of indwelling intermittent infusion devices. Clinical Pharmacy, 7, 439-443.
7.
Hanson, R. L. , Grant, A. M., & Majors, K R. (1976). Heparin-lock maintenance with ten units of sodium heparin in one milliliter of normal saline solution. Surgery Gynecology & Obstetrics, 142, 373-376.
8.
Harrington, C. A. (1985). Intermittent I.V. therapy without heparin: A Study. Nita, 8, 519-510.
9.
Heeger, P. S. , & Backstrom, J. T. (1986). Heparin flushes and thrombocytopenia. Annals of Internal Medicine, 105(1), 143-143.
10.
Larkin, M. (1979). Heparin locks. Nita, 2(3), 18-19.
11.
Laster, J. , Cikrit, D., Walker, N., & Silver, D. (1987). The heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome: An update. Surgery, 102, 763-770.
12.
Millam, D. A. (1981). Intermittent devices. Nita, 4(2), 142-145.
13.
O'Neill, T. J. , Tiemey, L M., Jr., & Prouix, R. J. (1974). Heparin lock-induced alterations in the activated partial thromboplastin time. Journal of the American Medical Association, 227, 1297-1298.
14.
Rizzoni, W. E. , Miller, K., Rick, M., & Lotze, M. (1988). Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thromboembolism in the postoperative period. Surgery, 103, 470-476.
15.
Rodvien, R. , & Mielke, C. H. (1979). Heparin: How, when, why to use itNita, 2(1), 16-18.
16.
Schreiner, R. L. , Wynn, R. J., & McNulty, C. (1978). Accidental heparin toxicity in the newborn intensive care unit. Journal of Pediatrics, 92(1), 115-116.
17.
Shearer, J. (1987). Normal saline flush versus dilute heparin flush: A study of peripheral intermittent I.V. devices. Nita, 8, 425-427.
18.
Swerling, R. (1982). Normal saline or dilute heparin for heparin lock flush?Infusion I.V, 6(4), 123-124.
19.
Trissel, L. (1986). Handbook on injectable drugs (4th ed., pp. 270-284). Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Inc.
20.
Turco, S. J. (1976). I.V. drug incompatibilities, heparin sodium U.S.P. American Journal of I.V Therapy, 3(1), 16-19.
21.
Turco, S. J. (1983). Heparin locks. American Journal of I.V Therapy, 10(1), 78-79.
22.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . (1988). Secretary's Commission on Nursing: Executive summary of final report. Washington, DC: Author.
23.
Veterans Affairs Central Office . (1990). Use of 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) forflushing intermittent infusion devices (Clinical Affairs Letter IL 11 -90-002). Washington, DC: Author.
