Issues in the Measurement of Children's Locus of Control

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Cooper, H. M. , Burger, J. M. , & Good, T. L. (1981). Gender differences in the academic locus of control beliefs of young children. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 562-572.

Crandall, V. C. , Katkovsky, W. , & Crandall, V. J. (1965). Children's beliefs in their own control of reinforcements in intellectual-academic achievement situations. Child Development, 36(1-2), 91-109.

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Gorsuch, R. L. , Henighan, R. P. , & Barnard, C. (1972). Locus of control: An example of dangers in using children's scales with children. Child Development, 43, 579-590.

Hearne, J. , & Klockars, A. J. (1988). Applicability of the Parcel-Meyer Children's Health Locus of Control Scale. Journal of School Health, 58(1), 16-19.

Hegland, S. M. , & Galejs, I. (1983). Developmental aspects of locus of control in preschool children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 143-143, 229-229, 239-239.

King, A. , Hegland, S. , & Galejs, I. (1986). Locus-of-control dimensions in preschool children. Journal of Psychology, 129(1), 37-44.

LaMontagne, L. L. (1984). Children's locus of control beliefs as predictors of preoperative coping behavior. Nursing Research, 33(2), 76-85.

LaMontagne, L. L. (1987). Children's preoperative coping: Replication and extension. Nursing Research, 36(3), 163-167.

Lefcourt, H. M. (1982). Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Mischel, W. , Zeiss, R. , & Zeiss, A. (1974). Internal-external control and persistence: Validation and implications of the Stanford Preschool Internal-Extemal Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 265-278.

Nowicki, S. , & Strickland, B. R. (1973). A Locus of Control Scale for children. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 40(1), 148-154.

Nowicki, S. , & Duke, M. P. (1974). A Preschool and Primary Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Developmental Psychology, 10(6), 874-880.

Parcel, G. , & Meyer, M. P. (1978). Development of an instrument to measure children's health locus of control. Health Education Monographs, 6(2), 147-159.

Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall.

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1,Whole No. 609).

Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology, 43,56-67.

Rotter, J. , Chance, J. , & Phares, E. (1972). Application of a social learning theory of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Sherman, L. W. (1984). Development of children's perceptions of internal locus of control: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality, 52(4), 338-354.

Shriberg, L. (1974). Descriptive statistics for two children's social desirability scales, general and test anxiety, and locus of control in elementary school children. Psychological Reports, 34, 863-870.

Stephens, M. , & Delys, P. (1973). A locus of control measure for preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 9, 55-65.

White, R. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-323.

Young, T. W. , & Shorr, D. N. (1986). Factors affecting locus of control in school children. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 112(4), 405-417.

Beck, S. , & Ollendick, T. (1976). Personal space, sex of experimenter and locus of control in normal and delinquent adolescents. Psychological Reports, 38, 383-387.

Duke, M. P. , & Fernhagen, V. (1975). Self-parental alienation and locus of control in delinquent girls. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 127, 103-107.

Lefcourt, H. M. (Ed.). (1982). Research with the locus of control construct, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press.

Nowicki, S. , & Duke, M. P. (1983). The Nowicki-Strickland life-span locus of control scales: Construct validation. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 2). New York: Academic Press.

Phares, E. (1976). Locus of control in personality. Morristown, NJ: General Learning Press.

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80, (1, Whole No. 609).

Rotter, J. B. , Chance, J. , & Phares, E. (1972). Application of a social learning theory of personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

Rotter, J. B. , Seeman, M. J. , & Liverant, S. (1962). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A major variable in behavior theory. In N. F. Washborne (Ed.), Decisions, values and groups (Vol. 2, pp. 473-516). London: Pergamon.

Nowicki, S., Jr. , & Duke, M. P. (1974). A preschool and primary internal-external control scale. Developmental Psychology, 10, 874-880.

Waltz, C. F. , Strickland, O. L. , & Lenz, E. R. (1984). Measurement in nursing research. Philadelphia: Davis.

Rotter, J. B. (1975). Some problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology, 43,56-67.

Saltzer, E. B. (1982). The Weight Locus of Control (WLOC) Scale: A specific measure for obesity research. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 110-115.

Saltzer, E. B. , & Saltzer, E. I. (1987). Internal control and health: Which comes first? Western Journal of Nursing Research, 9, 542-554.

Wallston, B. S. , Wallston, K. A. , Kaplan, G. D. , & Maides, S. A. (1976). Development and validation of the Health Locus of Control (HLC) Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 580-585.

Wallston, K. A. , Wallston, B. S. , & DeVellis, R. (1978). Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales. Health Education Monographs, 6, 160-170.

Cohen, J. , & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Nowicki, S. , & Duke, M. P. (1974). A preschool and primary internal-external locus of control scale. Developmental Psychology, 10, 874-880.

Nowicki, S. , & Strickland, B. R. (1973). A locus of control scale for children. Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology, 40(1), 148-154.

Rotter, J. B. (1990). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: Acase history of a variable. American Psychologist, 45, 489-493.

Waltz, C. F. , Strickland, O. L. , & Lenz, E. R. (1984). Measurement in nursing research. Philadelphia: Davis.