The Kaiser Physical Activity Survey (KPAS), designed specifically for diverse activity domains (housework, caregiving, occupational activity), is used to assess physical activity among multiethnic midlife women. This study evaluates KPAS reliability and validity (not widely documented) in measuring physical activity among 341 groups in this classification. Internal consistency coefficients are adequate for all ethnic groups except non-Hispanic (N-H) African Americans. To evaluate construct validity, the researchers use multiple analytic approaches, including correlation between behavioral intention and KPAS scores and factor analysis. KPAS scores correlate positively with behavioral intention scores among all ethnic groups. Eight factors are extracted among all groups except N-H Asian Americans. In the convergent validity test, N-H African Americans and N-H Asian Americans show unique patterns. Overall, the KPAS proves reliable as a reasonably accurate instrument to assess physical activities among multiethnic groups of midlife women. However, cultural sensitivity among N-H African Americans and N-H Asian Americans needs further examination.
Abel, T., Graf, N., & Niemann, S. ( 2001). Gender bias in the assessment of physical activity in population studies. Social and Preventive Medicine, 46(4), 268-272.
2.
Ainsworth, B.E., Sternfeld, B., Richardson, M.T., & Jackson, K. ( 2000). Evaluation of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey in women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(7), 1327-1334.
3.
Airhihenbuwa, C.O., Kumanyika, S., Agurs, T.D., & Lowe, A. ( 1995). Perceptions and beliefs about exercise, rest, and health among African-Americans. American Journal of Health Promotion , 9, 426-429.
4.
Ajzen, I. ( 1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211.
5.
Armitage, C.J. ( 2005). Can the theory of planned behavior predict the maintenance of physical activity? Health Psychology, 24(3), 235-245.
6.
Baehring, T.U., Schulze, H., Bornstein, S.R., & Scherbaum, W.A. (1997). Using the World Wide Web-A new approach to risk identification of diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 46(1), 31-39.
7.
Barrera, M., Jr., Glasgow, R.E., McKay, H.G., Boles, S.M., & Feil, E.G. ( 2002). Do Internet-based support interventions change perceptions of social support? An experimental trial of approaches for supporting diabetes self-management. American Journal of Community Psychology , 30(5), 637-654.
8.
Bauman, A., Bull, F., Chey, T., Craig, C.L., Ainsworth, B.E., Sallis, J.F., et al. (2009). The International Prevalence Study on Physical Activity: Results from 20 countries. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6(1), 21. [Epub ahead of print].
9.
Bauman, A., Phongsavan, P., Schoeppe, S., & Owen, N. ( 2006). Physical activity measurement-A primer for health promotion . Promotion and Education, 13(2), 92-103.
10.
Bowker, N.I., & Liu, J.H. ( 2001). Are women occupying positions of power online? Demographics of chat room operators. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 4(5), 631-644.
11.
Cauley, J.A., LaPorte, R.E., Sandler, R.B., Schramm, M.M., & Kriska, A.M. ( 1987). Comparison of methods to measure physical activity in postmenopausal women. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 45, 14-22.
12.
Chasan-Taber, L., Schmidt, M.D., Pekow, P., Sternfeld, B., Manson, J., & Markenson, G. ( 2007). Correlates of physical activity in pregnancy among Latina women. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 11(4), 353-363.
13.
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. ( 2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral science (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14.
De Bruijn, G.J., Kremers, S.P.J., De Vet, E., De Nooijer, J., Van Mechelen, W., & Brug, J. ( 2007). Does habit strength moderate the intention-behaviour relationship in the theory of planned behaviour? The case of fruit consumption . Psychology & Health, 22, 899-916.
15.
De Bruijn, G.J., Kroeze, W., Oenema, A., & Brug, J. ( 2008). Saturated fat consumption and the theory of planned behaviour: Additive and interaction effects of habit strength. Appetite , 51, 318-323.
16.
De Vet, E., Oenema, A., Sheeran, P., & Brug, J. ( 2009). Should implementation intentions interventions be implemented in obesity prevention: The impact of if-then plans on daily physical activity in Dutch adults. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 6(6), 11.
17.
Dekkers, J.C., van Wier, M.F., Hendriksen, I.J., Twisk, J.W., & van Mechelen, W. (2008). Accuracy of self-reported body weight, height and waist circumference in a Dutch overweight working population. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 69.
18.
Dergance, J.M., Mouton, C.P., Lichtenstein, M.J., & Hazuda, H.P. ( 2005). Potential mediators of ethnic differences in physical activity in older Mexican Americans and European Americans: Results from the San Antonio longitudinal study of aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53(7), 1240-1247.
19.
Durnin, J.V.G. A., & Passmore, R. ( 1967). Energy, work and leisure (1sted.). London: Heinemann.
Im, E.O., & Chee, W. ( 2008). The use of Internet cancer support groups by ethnic minorities . Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 19(1), 74-82.
22.
Im, E.O., & Choe, M. ( 2004). Korean women’s attitudes toward physical activity . Research in Nursing & Health, 27, 4-18.
23.
Kaiser, H.F. ( 1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika , 39, 31-36.
24.
Kremers, S.P.J., & Brug, J. ( 2008). Habit strength of physical activity and sedentary behavior among children and adolescents. Pediatric Exercise Science , 20, 5-17.
25.
Martinez, S.M., Ainsworth, B.E., & Elder, J.P. ( 2008). A review of physical activity measures used among US Latinos: Guidelines for developing culturally appropriate measures. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(2), 195-207.
26.
Mâsse, L.C., Ainsworth, B.E., Tortolero, S., Levin, S., Fulton, J.E., Henderson, K.A., et al. (1998). Measuring physical activity in midlife, older, and minority women: Issues from an expert panel. Journal of Women’s Health, 7, 57-67.
27.
Netherlands Nutrition Council. (1979). Dutch food composition tables (32nd ed.). ‘s-Gravenhage, Netherlands: Voorlichtingsbureau voor de Voeding.
28.
Nunnally, J.C., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
29.
Oliver, D., & Mahon, S.M. ( 2006). Reading a research article part: The data collection instrument. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10, 423-426.
30.
Oyeyemi, A.L., Adegoke, B.O., Oyeyemi, A.Y., & Fatudimu, B.M. (2008). Testretest reliability of IPAQ environmental-module in an African population. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 5(38). doi:10.1186/1479-5868-5-38.
31.
Rain, J.S., Lane, I.M., & Steiner, D.D. ( 1991). A current look at the job satisfaction/life satisfaction relationship: Review and future considerations. Human Relations , 44, 287-307.
32.
Rundle, A., Hagins, M., Orjuela, M., Mooney, L., Kim, M., & Perera, F. ( 2007). Traditional physical activity indexes derived from the Harvard alumni activity survey have low construct validity in a lower income urban population. Journal of Urban Health, 84(5), 722-732.
33.
Sallis, J.F., McKenzie, T., Elder, J., Hoy, P., Galati, T., Berry, C., et al. (1998). Sex and ethnic differences in children’s physical activity: Discrepancies between self-report and objective measures . Pediatric Exercise Science, 10, 277-284.
34.
Schmidt, M.D., Freedson, P.S., Pekow, P., Roberts, D., Sternefld, B., & Chasan-Taber, L. (2006). Validation of the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey in pregnant women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 38(1), 42-50.
35.
Schnohr, P., Lange, P., Scharling, H., & Jensen, J.S. ( 2006). Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, and cancer: The Copenhagen City Heart Study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 13(2), 173-179.
36.
Sternfeld, B., Ainsworth, B.E., & Quesenberry, C.P. (1999). Physical activity patterns in a diverse population of women. Preventive Medicine, 28, 313-323.
37.
Stolley, M.R., Sharp, L.K., Oh, A., & Schiffer, L. ( 2009). A weight loss intervention for African American breast cancer survivors. Preventing Chronic Disease, 6(1), A22.
38.
Streiner, D.L., & Norman, G.R. ( 2003). Health measure scales: A practical guide to their development and use (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
39.
Tortolero, S.R., Mâsse, L.C., Fulton, J.E., & Kohl, H.W.I. ( 1999). Assessing physical activity among older minority women: Focus group results. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 29, S276.
40.
Trost, S.G., Pate, R.R., Sallis, J.F., Freedson, P.S., Taylor, W.C., Dowda, M., et al. (2002). Age and gender differences in objectively measured physical activity in youth. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34(2), 350-355.
41.
Waltz, C.F., Strickland, O.L., & Lenz, E.R. ( 2005). Measurement in nursing and health research (3rd ed.). New York: Springer.
