A prospective study using 14-day food diaries was conducted to determine whether perceived deprivation and preoccupation with food correspond to actual caloric and fat intake, using a sample of 121 adult women who were binge eating without purging or were currently dieting. Caloric and fat intake were not significantly related to perceived deprivation. Only weight cycling and Revised Restraint Scale was significantly correlated with perceived deprivation with 11% of the variation explained by the Revised Restraint Scale scores. These findings support the contention that psychological deprivation occurs regardless of caloric intake. For preoccupation with food, only fat intake and Revised Restraint Scale scores were significantly correlated with 15% of the variance explained by the Revised Restraint Scale scores.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Blundell, J. E. (1995). The psychobiological approach to appetite and weight control. In K. Brownell & C. Fairburn (Eds.), Eating disorders and obesity: A comprehensive handbook (pp. 13-20). New York: Guilford Press.
2.
Bornstein, P., Hamilton, S., & Bornstein, M. (1986). Self-monitoring procedures. In A. Ciminero, K. Calhoun, & W. Adams (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral assessment (pp. 176-222). New York: John Wiley.
3.
de Castro, J. M. (1994). Methodology, correlational analysis, and interpretation of diet diary records of the food and fluid intake of free-living humans. Appetite, 23, 179-192.
4.
de Castro, J. M. (2000). Eating behavior: Lessons from the real world of humans. Nutrition, 16, 800-806.
5.
Fairburn, C. G., & Cooper, Z. (1993). The eating disorder examination (12th ed.). In C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (pp. 317-360). New York: Guilford Press.
6.
Foster, G. D., Sarwer, D. B., & Wadden, T. A. (1997). Psychological effects of weight cycling in obese persons: A review and research agenda. Obesity Research, 5(5), 474-488.
7.
French, S. A., & Jeffery, R. W. (1994). Consequences of dieting to lose weight: Effects on physical and mental health. Health Psychology, 13, 195-212.
8.
Hagan, M. M., Whitworth, F. H., & Moss, D. E. (1999). Semistarvation-associated eating behaviors among college binge eaters: A preliminary description and assessment scale. Behavioral Medicine, 25, 125-132.
9.
Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In A. J. Standard (Ed.), Obesity (pp. 208-225). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
10.
Johnson, W. G., Lake, L., & Mahan, J. M. (1983). Restrained eating: Measuring an elusive construct. Addictive Behaviors, 8, 413-418.
11.
Keys, A., Brozek, J., Henschel, A., Mickelsen, O., & Taylor, H.L. (1950). The biology of human starvation. St. Paul: University of Minnesota.
12.
Lissner, L., Habicht, J. P., Strupp, B. J., Levitsky, D. A., Haas, J. D., & Roe, D. A. (1989). Body composition and energy intake: Do overweight women overeat and underreport? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4, 320-325.
13.
Lowe, M. G. (1982). The role of anticipated deprivation in overeating. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 103-112.
14.
Lowe, M. R. (1993). The effects of dieting on eating behavior: A three factor model. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 100-121.
15.
Lowe, M. R., & Fisher, E. B., Jr. (1983). Emotional reactivity, emotional eating, and obesity: A naturalistic study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 6, 135-149.
16.
Miller, W. C., & Jacob, A. V. (2001). The health at any size paradigm for obesity treatment: The scientific evidence. Obesity Reviews, 2, 37-45.
17.
NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative Expert Panel. (1998). Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults—The evidence report. Obesity Research, 6, 51S-209S.
18.
Polivy, J. (1996). Psychological consequences of food restriction. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 96, 589-592.
19.
Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (1993). Etiology of binge eating: Psychological mechanisms. In C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment, and treatment (pp. 173-205). New York: Guilford Press.
20.
Raben, A. (2002). Should obese patients be counseled to follow a low-glycaemic index diet? No. Obesity Reviews, 3(4), 245-256.
21.
Roberts, S. B. (2000). High-glycemic index foods, hunger, and obesity: Is there a connection? Nutrition Reviews, 58(6), 163-169.
22.
St. Jeor, S., Brownell, K., Atkinson, R., Bouchard, C., Dwyer, J., Foreyt, J., et al. (1993). Obesity. Circulation, 88, 1391-1396.
23.
Telch, C. F., & Agras, W. S. (1996). The effects of short-term food deprivation on caloric intake in eating disordered subjects. Appetite, 26, 221-234.
24.
Timmerman, G. M. (1998). Caloric intake patterns of nonpurge binge-eating women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 20, 103-118.
25.
Urban, N., White, E., Anderson, G. L., Curry, S., & Kristal, A. R. (1992). Correlates of maintenance of a low-fat diet among women in the Women's Health Trial. Preventive Medicine, 21, 279-291.
26.
Urbszat, D., Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (2002). Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we diet: Effects of anticipated deprivation on food intake in restrained and unrestrained eaters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 396-401.
