A structural equation modeling approach was used to examine the relationships among charac
teristics of drug use and treatment careers, length of stay in a current treatment episode, and
subsequent drug use among 2,807 clients participating in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome
Study (DATOS). The model was tested separately for four major modalities. Length of stay in
DATOS treatment was significantly related to reduced cocaine use (but not heroin use) during
the follow-up period among clients in outpatient drug-free and residential programs and to
reduced heroin use (but not cocaine use) among clients in methadone maintenance. Importantly,
longer treatment careers were significantly associated with increased length of stay in DATOS
outpatient drug-free programs and were associated with reduced heroin use among clients
treated in all modalities except for residential programs, demonstrating cumulative treatment
effects. These findings support the notion that treatment effects may accumulate across multiple
treatment episodes.
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