This article reviews factorial surveys and highlights their utility in designing intervention
programs. It then describes two instances in which factorial surveys were used to develop
HIV/AIDS-related interventions: designing HIV vaccine trials that maximize participation and
identifying optimal treatment regimes for HIV positive mothers and their babies to prevent
perinatal HIV infection. We conclude that factorial survey applications of this kind have a great
potential for use in the design (and redesign where necessary) of intervention programs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alves, W., and P. Rossi.1978. Who should get what? Fairness judgments of the distribution of earnings. American Sociological Review84(3): 541-63.
2.
Alwin, D., and M. Sullivan.1976. Issues of design and analysis in evaluation research. In Validity issues in evaluative reserach, edited by Bernstein, 83-106. Sage Contemporary Social Science Series No. 23. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
3.
Arguea, N., and C. Hsiao.1993. Econometric issues of estimating hedonic price functions. Journal of Econometrics56:243-67.
4.
Belshe, R., M. Clements, M. Keefer, B. Graham, L. Corey, R. Sposto, S. Wescott, L. Lawrence, and the NIAID AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Group. 1994. Interpretation of serodiagnostic test results in the 1990's: Social risks of HIV vaccine studies in uninfected volunteers. Annals of Internal Medicine121:584-9.
5.
Berk, R., D. Hoffman, J. Maki, D. Rauma, and H. Wong.1979. Estimation procedures for pooled cross-sectional and time series data. Evaluation Review3:385-410.
6.
Borenstein, M., and J. Cohen.1988. POWER. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
7.
Brookshire, D., and D. Coursey.1987. Measuring the value of a public good: An empirical comparison of elicitation procedures. American Economic Review77(4): 554-66.
8.
Byar, D.1990. Design considerations for AIDS trials. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes3 (Suppl. 2): 516-19.
9.
Canan, P., M. Hennessy, and G. Pring.1992. The chilling effects of SLAPPS: Legal risk and attitudes toward political involvement. Research in Political Sociology. Vol 6, 347-69. JAI Press.
10.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1993. Handbook for evaluating HIV education. Atlanta: Division of Adolescent and School Health.
11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1994a. Recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service Task Force on the use of zidovudine to reduce perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report43(RR-11): 1-20.
12.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1994b. Zidovudine for the prevention of HIV transmission from mother to infant. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report43(16): 282-7.
13.
Chu, S., J. Buehler, M. Oxtoby, and B. Kilbourne.1991. Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality in children, United States. Pediatrics87(6): 806-10.
14.
Cohen, J.1994. The HIV vaccine paradox. Science264:1072-4.
15.
Dennis, M.1990. Assessing the validity of randomized field experiments: An example from drug abuse treatment research. Evaluation Review14(4): 347-73.
16.
Donner, A.1985. A regression approach to the analysis of data arising from cluster randomization. International Journal of Epidemiology14:322-6.
17.
Douglas, J., F. Judson, J. Parks, S. Buchbinder, and D. McKirnan.1994. Participation of homosexual/bisexual men in preventive HIV vaccine trials: Baseline attitudes and concerns and predicted behaviors during trials. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses10 (Suppl. 2): S257-S260.
18.
Garrett, K.1982. Child abuse: Problems of definition. In Measuring social judgments: A factorial survey approach, edited by P. Rossi and S. Nock, 177-203. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
19.
Haynes, B.1993. Scientific and social issues of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine development. Science260:1279-86.
20.
Heckman, J.1992. Randomization and social policy evaluation. In Evaluating welfare and training programs, edited by C. Manski and I. Garfinkel, 201-30. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
21.
Heckman, J., and V. Hotz.1989. Choosing among alternative nonexperimental methods for estimating the impact of social programs: The case of manpower training. Journal of the American Statistical Association84:862-74.
22.
Hennessy, C.1993. Modeling case management decision making in a consolidated long term care program. The Gerontologist33(3): 333-41.
23.
Hennessy, M., K. MacQueen, D. McKirnan, S. Buchbinder, F. Judson, J. Douglas, B. Bartholow, and A. Sheon.1994. A factorial survey study to assess the acceptability ofHIV vaccine trial designs. Atlanta, GA : Division of HIV/AIDS, National Center for Infectious Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
24.
Hox, J., I. Kreft, and P. Hermkens.1991. The analysis of factorial surveys. Sociological Methods and Research19:493-510.
25.
Institute for Family-Centered Care.1994. Focus Group on ACTG 076: Preliminary Report. 5715 Bent Branch Road, Bethesda, MD, 20816.
26.
James, M.1988. HIV seropositivity diagnosed during pregnancy: Psychosocial characterization of patients and their adaptation. General Hospital Psychiatry10(5): 309-16.
27.
Jasso, G.1988. Whom should we welcome: Elite judgments of the criteria for the selection of immigrants. American Sociological Review53:919-32.
28.
Judge, G., R. Hill, W. Griffiths, H. Lutkepohl, and T.-C. Lee.1988. Introduction to the theory and practice of econometrics. New York: Wiley .
29.
Keane, D., S. MacDonald, and C. Woo.1988. Estimating residential partial outage cost with market research data. The Energy Journal9:151-9.
30.
Lipsey, M.1990. Design sensitivity. Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
31.
MacQueen, K., S. Buchbinder, J. Douglas, F. Judson, D. McKirnan, and B. Bartholow.1994a. Required HIV antibody testing, social harm, and HIV vaccine efficacy trials. Paper presented at the Conference on Advances in AIDS Vaccine Development, Seventh Annual Meeting of the National Cooperative Vaccine Development Group for AIDS, Reston, VA.
32.
—. 1994b. The decision to enroll in HIV vaccine efficacy trials: Concerns elicited from gay men at increased risk for HIV infection. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses10 (Suppl. 2): S261-S264.
33.
Melton, G., R. Levine, G. Koocher, R. Rosenthal, and W. Thompson.1988Community consultation in socially sensitive research: Lessons from clinical trials of treatments for AIDS. American Psychologist43(7): 573-81.
34.
Miller, J., P. Rossi, and J. Simpson.1986. Perceptions of justice: Race and gender differences in judgments of appropriate prison sentences. Law and Society Review20(3): 312-34.
35.
Minkoff, H., C. Henderson, H. Mendez, M. Gail, S. Holman, A. Willoughby, J. Goedett, A. Rubinstein, P. Stratton, J. Walsh, and S. Lendesman.1990. Pregnancy outcomes among mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected control subjects. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology163:1598-1604.
36.
Moffitt, R.1991. Program evaluation with nonexperimental data. Evaluation Review15(3): 291-314.
37.
O'Brien, L., P. Rossi, and R. Tessler.1982. How much is too much? Popular definitions of alcohol abuse. In Measuring social judgments: Afactorial survey approach, edited by P. Rossi and S. Nock, 235-52. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38.
Orwin, R., D. Cordray, and R. Huebner.1994. Judicious applications of randomized designs. In Critically evaluating the role of experiments , edited by K. Conrad, 73-86. New Directions for Program Evaluation, No. 63. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
39.
Rossi, P., and R. Berk.1985. Varieties of normative consensus. American Sociological Review50:33347.
40.
Rossi, P., and S. Nock, eds. 1982. Measuring social judgments: A factorial survey approach. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
41.
Rossi, P., and E. Weber-Burdin .1983. Sexual harassment on the campus. Social Science Research12(2): 131-58.
42.
Rothman, D., and H. Edgar.1992. Scientific rigor and medical realities: Placebo trials in cancer and AIDS research. In AIDS : The makings of a chronic disease, edited by E. Fee and D. Fox, 194-206. Berkeley : University of California Press.
43.
Shadish, W., T. Cook, and L. Leviton.1991. Foundations of program evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
44.
Shelton, D., K. Marconi, M. Pounds, M. Scopetta, M. O'Sullivan, and J. Szapocznik.1993. Medical adherence among prenatal, HIV seropositive, African American women: Family issues. Family Systems Medicine11(4): 343-56.
45.
Stimson, J.1985. Regression in space and time: A statistical essay. American Journal of Political Science29(4): 914-47.
46.
Thomas, S., and S. Quinn.1991. The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV education and AIDS risk education programs in the Black community. American Journal of Public Health81(11): 1498-1505.
47.
Thurman, Q.1986. Estimating social-psychological effects in decisions to drink and drive: A factorial survey approach. Journal of Studies on Alcohol47(6): 447-54.
48.
Thurman, Q., J. Lam, and P. Rossi.1988. Sorting out the cuckoo's nest: A factorial survey approach to the study of popular conceptions of mental illness. The Sociological Quarterly29(4): 565-88.
49.
Vazquez, R.1993. A discussion of community concerns regarding HIV vaccines . AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses9 (Suppl. 1): s23-s25.
50.
Vermund, S., R. Fischer, R. Hoff, W. Riad, A. Sheon, D. Lawrence, D. Hoth, and L. Barker.1993. Preparing for HIV vaccine efficacy trials: Partnerships and challenges. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses9 (Suppl. 1): s127-s132.
51.
Weber, E., D. Sellers, and P. Rossi.1988. Vig-Write: The PC vignette generating program. Version 1.0. Social and Demographic Research Institute, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
52.
Wonnacott, T., and R. Wonnacott.1979. Econometrics. New York: Wiley.
