This article presents the theory behind modern evaluative bibliometric techniques at three levels.
Policy applications, which characterizes the scientific and technological output of nations or
regions; strategic analyses, which deals with articles and patents at the level of a university or
company; and tactical analyses, which addresses questions concerning a single subject. The
article explains the newer techniques that have been developed at each level, as well as the more
important limitations.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anderson, R.C., F. Narin, and P.R. McAllister .1978. Publication ratings vs. peer ratings of universities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science29 (2):91-103.
2.
Reprinted in 1980 in Key papers in information science, edited by Belver C. Griffith.Washington, DCKnowledge Industry Publication.
3.
Broad, W.1991. In the realm of technology, Japan loom ever larger. New York Times May 28, C1, C8.
4.
Buderi, R., J. Carey, N. Gross, and K. Miller.1992. Global innovation: Who's in the lead ? Business Week August3, 68-73.
5.
Cartter, A.M.1966. An assessment of quality in graduate education. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
6.
CHI Research.1992. TECH-LINE™ overview. Hadden Heights, NJ: Author .
7.
Martin, B.R., J. Irvine, F. Narin, and C. Sterritt.1987. The continuing decline of British science . Nature330:123-26.
8.
Narin, F.1991. Globalization of research, scholarly information and patents—Ten year trends. Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group (NASIF) 6th Annual Conference, June 14-17, 1991. The Serials Librarian 21 (2/3): 33-44.
9.
Narin, F., V.M. Smith, Jr., and M.B. Albert.1993. What patents tell you about your competition . CHEMTECH (February): 52-59.
10.
Narin, F., and E. Whitlow.1990. Measurement of scientific cooperation and coauthorship in CEC-related areas of science. EUR 1290C EN/1. Prepared for the Commission of the European Communities. Luxembourg , Belgium: Office for Official Publications of the European Community.
11.
Price, D.J.1963. Little science, big science. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
12.
Roose, K.D., and C.J. Andersen.1970. A rating of graduate programs. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
13.
Turney, J.1991. What drives the engines of innovation? New Scientist16:35-40.
14.
U.S. National Science Board.1973. Science Indicators Report 1972. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
