This evaluation of the Emergency School Aid Act finds that human relations services
funded under the Act had favorable effects on student intergroup relations and affect, but
those effects were generally weak. We attribute the weakness of effects to the nature of
services at our sites. Apparently, services were not always targeted directly at human
relations needs and were often not intensive enough to register strong effects. Our work
underscores the importance of combining process with impact evaluation and of
examining effects at the individual level as well as the site level.
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