Telephones were introduced as an innovation into a detention facility to help pretrial
defendants raise bail money and thereby obtain release. Using an experimental design
to evaluate the innovation, the results showed that persons who used the telephones were
more likely to be released on bail than were those denied its use. Although the evaluation
was successful, the implementation was not. The district attorney and court blocked its
acceptance until a few years later when detained prisoners rioted and telephones were
installed in order to reduce overcrowding.
Foote, C. (1955) "The bail system and equal justice." Federal Probation19 (September): 43-48.
3.
Judiciary Committee of the New York Assembly ( 1963) Special Investigation of the Practices and Procedures in the Criminal Court of the City of New York. Legislative Document No. 37: 32, 33. Albany: New York State Assembly .
4.
Rankin, A. (1964) "The effect of pretrial detention." New York Univ. Law Rev. 3939 (June): 641-655.
5.
Ribman, H. and A. Ribman (1964) "The poor man in the scales." Harpers (April).
6.
Rossback, J.H. (1969) "Letters to the editor." New York Times (December 23): 30.
7.
Rossi, P. (1966) "Boobytraps and pitfalls in the evaluation of social action programs." Paper presented at the 126th annual meeting of the American Statistical Association, Social Statistics Section, Los Angeles, California, August 15-19.
8.
Stouffer, S.A. (1949) "Problems of rotation and reconversion," pp. 456-458 in S. A. Stouffer et al. (eds.) The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath, Studies in Social Psychology in World War II, Vol. 2. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
9.
Suffet, F. (1965) Patterns of Failure to Raise Bail, A Report to The Vera Foundation, Inc. New York: The Vera Foundation.
10.
The Vera Foundation (1964) Toward Justice for the Poor: The Manhattan Bail Project. New York : The Vera Foundation.
11.
Wald, P. (1964) "Pretrial detention and ultimate freedom." New York Univ. Law Rev.39 (June): 631-640.
12.
Zeisel, H. (1967) "The Law," in P. F. Lazarsfeld, W. H. Sewell, and H. L. Wilensky(eds.) The Uses of Sociology. New York: Basic Books .
