Here's an overview of what the research says, along with a look at what principals can do to help teachers plan more effectively.
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References
1.
Borko, H., and Niles, J.A. "Descriptions of Teacher Planning: Ideas for Teachers and Researchers ." In Educators' Handbook: A Research Perspective, edited by V. Richardson-Koehler.New York: Longman, 1987.
2.
Clark, C.M., and Yinger, R.J. "Teachers' Thinking." In Research on Teaching, edited by P. L. Peterson and H. J. Walberg.Berkeley, Calif.: McCutchan, 1979.
3.
Evertson, C.M., and Emmer, E.T. "Effective Classroom Management at the Beginning of the School Year ." Journal of Educational Psychology74(1982): 485-98.
4.
Idol, L., and Jones, B.F.Educational Values and Cognitive Instruction: Implications for Reform. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum,1991.
5.
McCutcheon, G. "How Do Elementary School Teachers Plan? The Nature of Planning and the Influences on It." Elementary School Journal81(1980): 4-23.
6.
Morine-Dershimer, G.Teacher Plan and Classroom Reality. East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University, Institute for Research on Teaching, 1979.
7.
Pennella, M.A. "Mapping the Instructional Journey: The Written Public and Private Plans of Secondary Teachers of Mathematics and English." Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association , Chicago, Ill., 1985.
8.
Shavelson, R.J., and Stern, P. "Research on Teachers' Pedagogical Thoughts, Judgments, Decisions, and Behavior." Review of Educational Research51(1981): 455-98.
9.
Smith, E.L., and Sendelbach, N.B. "Teacher Intentions for Science Instruction and Their Antecedents in Program Materials." Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association , San Francisco, Calif., 1979.
