School principals and school counselors have the ability to forge a unique collaborative relationship to improve student achievement. Historically, school counselors have altered the primary focus of their work as deemed by the perspective of their principals.With an emphasis on improving student success in school, this study revealed the differences in counselor-principal priorities and perceptions and suggests the importance of counselor and principal collaboration to support this common goal.
Amatea, E.S., & Clark, M.A. ( 2005). Changing schools, changing counselors: A qualitative study of school administrators’ conceptions of the school counselor role. Professional School Counseling, 9, 16-27.
2.
American School Counselor Association. (1997 ). Executive summary: The national standards for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: Author .
3.
American School Counselor Association. (2003 ). The ASCA national model: A framework for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: Author .
4.
American School Counselor Association. (2005 ). The ASCA national model: A framework for school counseling programs (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA: Author.
5.
Aubrey, R. ( 1973). Historical development of guidance and counseling and implications for the future. Personnel and Guidance Journal , 55, 288-295.
6.
Baker, S. ( 2001). Reflections on forty years in the school counseling profession: Is the glass half full or half empty? Professional School Counseling, 5, 75-83.
7.
Borders, D.L., & Drury, R.D. ( 1992). Comprehensive school counseling programs: A review for policy makers and practitioners. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 487-498.
8.
Boyer, E.L. ( 1988). Exploring the future: Seeking new challenges. Journal of College Admissions, 118, 2-8.
9.
Brown, D., & Trusty, J. ( 2005). School counselors, comprehensive school counseling programs, and academic achievement: Are school counselors delivering more than they can deliver?Professional School Counseling, 9, 1-8.
10.
Burnham, J.J., Dahir, C.A., Stone, C.B., & Hooper, L.M. ( 2008). An examination of the psychometric properties of the assessment of school counselor needs for professional development survey (ASCNPD) . Research in the Schools, 15, 51-64.
11.
Burnham, J.J., & Jackson, C.M. ( 2000). School counselor roles: Discrepancies between actual practice and existing models. Professional School Counseling , 4, 41-49.
12.
Campbell, C., & Dahir, C. ( 1997). Sharing the vision: The national standards for school counseling programs. Alexandria, VA: American School Counselor Association.
13.
Caperton, G. ( 2009). Partnerships for success. In Finding a way: Practical examples of how an effective principal-counselor relationship can lead to success for all students. Washington, DC: College Board’s National Office for Student Advocacy; American School Counselor Association, and the National Association of Secondary School Principals .
14.
Chandler, J., Burnham, J.J., & Dahir, C.A. ( 2008). Counseling versus non-counseling duties: Examining the past and present in school counseling. Alabama Counseling Association Journal, 34, 44-59.
15.
Chata, C., & Loesch, L. ( 2007). Future school principals’ views of the roles of professional school counselors. ASCA Counselor, 11, 35-41.
16.
Clemens, E., Milsom, A., & Cashwell, C.S. (2009). Using leader-member exchange theory to examine principal-school counselor relationships, school counselors’ roles, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Professional School Counseling, 13, 75-85.
17.
The College Board’s National Office for Student Advocacy, American School Counselor, & National Association of Secondary School Principals. (2009). Finding a way: Practical examples of how an effective principal-counselor relationship can lead to success for all students. Washington, DC: Author.
18.
Connolly, F., & Protheroe, N. ( 2009). Principals and counselors partnering for student success . Washington, DC: Educational Research Service/Naviance.
19.
Costar, J. ( 1978). The relationship of counselors to school principals. The status of guidance and counseling in the nation’s school: A series of issues papers. Washington, DC: American Personnel and Guidance Association.
20.
Dahir, C. ( 2000). Principals as partners in school counseling. ASCA Counselor, 38, 13.
21.
Dahir, C. ( 2004). Supporting a nation of learners: The role of school counseling in education reform. Journal of Counseling and Development , 82, 344-354.
22.
Dahir, C., Burnham, J., & Stone, C. ( 2009). Listen to the voices: School counselors and comprehensive school counseling programs. Professional School Counseling , 12, 182-192.
23.
Dahir, C., & Stone, C. ( 2003). Assessment of school counselor needs for professional development survey (ASCNPD). Unpublished survey.
24.
Dahir, C., & Stone, C. ( 2007). School counseling at the crossroads of change. ACA Professional Counseling Digests (ACAPCD-05). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
25.
Dahir, C., & Stone, C. ( 2011). The transformed school counselor (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/ Cole, Cengage Learning.
26.
Dimmitt, C., Militello, M., & Janson, C. ( 2009). School counselors and principals partnering for achievement: What does the research evidence say? In F. Connolly & N. Protheroe (Eds.), Principals and counselors partnering for student success (pp. 37-74). Washington, DC: Educational Research Service/ Naviance.
27.
Dodson, T. ( 2009). Advocacy and impact: A comparison of administrators’ perceptions of the high school counselor role. Professional School Counseling, 12, 480-485.
28.
Dollarhide, C., Smith, A., & Lemberger, M. ( 2007). Critical incidents in the development of supportive principals: Facilitating school counselor-principal relationships. ASCA Counselor, 10, 360-369.
29.
The Education Trust. (1997). Transforming school counseling initiative (DeWitt Wallace-Reader’s Digest grant). Washington, DC: Author.
30.
Foster, L., Young, J.S., & Hermann, M. ( 2005). The work activities of professional school counselors: Are the national standards being addressed? Professional School Counseling, 8, 313-321.
31.
Gysbers, N.C., & Henderson, P. ( 2001). Comprehensive guidance and counseling programs: A rich history and a bright future. Professional School Counseling , 4, 246-256.
32.
Hardesty, P., & Dillard, J. ( 1994). The role of elementary school counselors compared with their middle and high school counterparts. The School Counselor , 29, 83-90.
33.
Hines, P.L., & Fields, T.H. ( 2004). School counseling and academic achievement. In R. Perusse & G. E. Goodnough (Eds.), Leadership, advocacy, and direct service strategies for professional school counselors (pp. 3-24). Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
34.
Howard, S. ( 1989). Examining functions within school counselor roles. Texas Association of Counseling and Development Journal, 17, 115-120.
35.
Janson, C., & Militello, M. ( 2009). Where do we go from here? Eight elements of effective school principal-counselor relationships. In F. Connolly & N. Protheroe (Eds.), Principals and counselors partnering for student success (pp. 159-164). Washington, DC: Educational Research Service/ Naviance.
36.
Janson, C., Militello, M., & Kosine, N. ( 2008). Four views of the professional school counselor-principal relationship: A methodology study. Professional School Counseling , 11, 353-361.
37.
Johnson, L.S. ( 2000). Promoting professional identity in an era of educational reform. Professional School Counseling, 4, 31-40.
38.
Leuwerke, W., & Walker, J. ( 2009). Informing principals: The impact of different types of information on principals’ perceptions of professional school counselors . Professional School Counseling, 12, 263-271.
39.
Monteiro-Leitner, J., Asner-Self, K., Milde, C., Leitner, D., & Skelton, D. ( 2006). The role of the rural school counselor: Counselor, counselor-in-training, and principal perceptions. Professional School Counseling , 9, 248-251.
40.
Niebuhr, K., & Niebuhr, R. ( 1999). Principal and counselor collaboration. William T. Cleveland Education, 119, 674-678.
41.
The Partnership for 21st Century Skills. ( 2006). Results that matter: Twenty-first century skills and high school reform. Tuscon, AZ: Author.
42.
Perusse, R., Goodnough, G.E., Donegan, J., & Jones, C. ( 2004). Perceptions of school counselors and school principals about the national standards for school counseling programs and the transforming school counseling initiative. Professional School Counseling , 7, 152-162.
43.
Ponec, D.L., & Brock, L. ( 2000). Relationships among elementary school counselors and principals: A unique bond. Professional School Counseling , 3, 208-217.
44.
Riddile, M. ( 2009). Addressing the challenges of 21st century schools through principal-counselor collaboration. In F. Connolly & N. Protheroe (Eds.), Principals and counselors partnering for student success (pp. 1-20). Washington, DC: Educational Research Service/ Naviance.
45.
Scarborough, J.L. ( 2005). The School Counselor Activity Rating Scale: An instrument for gathering process data. Professional School Counseling , 8, 274-283.
46.
Schmidt, J.J. ( 1995). Assessing school counseling programs through external reviews. School Counselor, 43, 114-123.
47.
Schmidt, J.J. ( 2000). Counselor accountability: Justifying your time and measuring your worth. In J. Wittmer (Ed.), Managing your school counseling programs: K-12 developmental strategies (2nd ed., pp. 273-291). Minneapolis, MN: Educational Media.
48.
Stone, C.B., & Clark, M. ( 2001). School counselors and principals: Partners in support of academic achievement. National Association of Secondary School Principals Bulletin, 85, 46-53.
49.
Stone, C.B., & Dahir, C. ( 2009). Principal-counselor alliance for accountability and data use. In F. Connolly & N. Protheroe (Eds.), Principals and counselors partnering for student success (pp. 21-37). Washington, DC : Educational Research Service/ Naviance.
50.
Stone, C.B., & Dahir, C. ( 2011). School counselor accountability: A measure of student success (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
51.
Tennessee Department of Education. (2005). Tennessee model for comprehensive school counseling. Nashville, TN: Author.
52.
Tennyson, W., Miller, D., Skovolt, T., & Williams, C. ( 1989). How they view their role: A survey of school counselors in different secondary schools. Journal of Counseling and Development, 67, 399-403.
53.
Thornburg, H.D. ( 1986). The counselor’s impact on middle grade students . School Counselor, 33, 170-177.
54.
U.S. Department of Education. (2001). No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (H.R.1). Washington, DC : Author.
55.
U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development. (2010). ESEA Blueprint for Reform. Washington, DC: Author .
56.
Vaught, C.C. ( 1995). A letter from a middle school counselor to her principal . NASSP Bulletin, 79, 20-23. doi:10.1177/019263659507957005
