Baikova OV (1988). Cyto-physiologic indicators of the status of the reproductive organs of male rats after 7-day immobilization stress and 7-day hypokinesia. Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med. 22: 56-59.
2.
Berndtson WE (1977). Methods for quantifying mammalian spermatogenesis: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 44: 818-833.
3.
Berndtson WE , Neefus C., Foote RH, and Amann RP (1989). Optimal replication for histometric analyses of testicular function in rats or rabbits. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 12: 291-302.
4.
Blank JL and Desjardins C. (1984). Spermatogenesis is modified by food intake in mice. Biol. Reprod. 30: 410-415.
5.
Chapin RE (1988). Morphological evaluation of seminiferous epithelium of the testis. In: Physiology and Toxicology of Male Reproduction , JC Lamb IV and PMD Foster (eds). Academic Press, Los Angeles, pp. 155-173.
6.
Charpenet G. , Tache Y., Forest MG, Haour F., Saez JM, Bernier M., Ducharme JR, and Collu R. (1981). Effects of chronic intermittent immobilization stress on rat testicular androgenic function. Endocrinology109: 1254-1258.
7.
Collu R. and Gibb W. (1984). Effects of stress on gonadal function. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 7: 529-537.
Douglas JM, Davis LG, and Remington ML (1988). A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effect of chronically administered oral acyclovir on sperm production in men with frequently recurrent genital herpes. J. Infect. Dis. 157: 588-593.
10.
DuMond FV (1968). The squirrel monkey in a seminatural environment. In: The Squirrel Monkey, L Rosenblum and R Cooper (eds). Academic Press, New York , pp. 87-145.
11.
Fanjul LF and Ruiz de Galarreta CM (1981). Effects of starvation in rats on serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and testicular 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Horm. Metab. Res . 13: 356-358.
12.
Glass AR, Herbert DC, and Anderson J. (1986). Fertility onset, spermatogenesis, and pubertal development in male rats: Effect of graded underfeeding. Pediatr. Res. 20: 1161-1167.
13.
Gondos EC, Zemjanis RB, and Cockett EC (1970). Ultrastructural alterations in the seminiferous epithelium of immobilized monkeys. Am. J. Pathol. 61: 497-518.
14.
Grewal T., Mickelsen O., and Hafs HD (1971). Androgen secretion and spermatogenesis in rats following semistarvation. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 138: 723-727.
15.
Hamilton GD and Bronson FH (1985). Food restriction and reproductive development in wild house mice. Biol. Reprod . 32: 773-778.
16.
Hess RA and Chen P. (1992). Computer tracking of germ cells in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and prediction of changes in cycle duration in animals commonly used in reproductive biology and toxicology. J. Androl. 13: 185-190.
17.
Hess RA and Moore BJ (1993). Histological methods for evaluation of the testis . In: Methods in Toxicology. Academic Press , Los Angeles, pp. 52-85.
18.
Hess RA, Schaeffer DJ, Eroschenko VP, and Keen JE (1990). Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. Biol. Reprod. 43: 517-524.
19.
Howland BE (1975). The influence of feed restriction and subsequent re-feeding on gonadotrophin secretion and serum testosterone levels in male rats. J. Reprod. Fertil. 44: 429-436.
20.
Howland BE, Beaton DB, and Jack MJ (1974). Changes in serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone in the male rat in response to fasting, surgery and ether. Specialia15: 1223-1224.
21.
James RW and Heywood R. (1979). Age-related variations in the testes of Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol. Lett. 4: 257-261.
22.
Janetschek G., Heilbronner R., Schachtner W., Rohr HP, Mikus G., and Bartsch G. (1987). Unilateral testicular disease: Effect on the contralateral testis (morphometric study). J. Urol. 138: 878-882.
23.
Johnson L., McKenzie KS, and Snell JR (1996). Partial wave in human seminiferous tubules appears to be a random occurrence. Tissue Cell28: 127-136.
24.
Lee K.-P, Frame SR, Sykes GP, and Valentine R. (1993). Testicular degeneration and spermatid retention in young male rats. Toxicol. Pathol. 21: 292-302.
25.
Lopez-Calderon A. and Ariznavarreta C. (1991). Stress induced changes in testicular function. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 40: 473-479.
26.
McGrady AV and Chakraborty J. (1983). Effects of stress on the reproductive system of male rats and mice. Arch. Androl. 10: 95-101.
27.
Meistrich ML (1986). Critical components of testicular function and sensitivity to disruption. Biol. Reprod . 34: 17-28.
28.
Moe PG and Caughey JE (1967). Gonadal biopsies in twelve cases of inanition hypopituitarism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 11: 1179-1193.
29.
Murthy N. and Wray SR (1988). Testicular function in rats following immobilization stress. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 26: 297-299.
30.
Neal RA and Doull J. (1995) Commentary: The discipline of toxicology. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 24: 151-153.
31.
Prasse K., Hildebrandt P., and Dodd D. (1986). Letter to the editor. Toxicol. Pathol. 14: 274-275.
32.
Robertson AJ , Anderson JM, Swanson Beck J., Burnett RA, Howatson SR, Lee FD, Lessills AM, McLaren KM, Moss SM, Simpson JG, Smith GD, Tavadia HB, and Walker F. (1989). Observer variability in histopathological reporting of cervical biopsy specimens . J. Clin. Pathol. 42: 231-238.
33.
Russell LD (1983). Normal testicular structure and methods for evaluation under experimental and disruptive conditions. In: Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity of Metals, TW Clarkson , GF Nordberg, and PR Sager (eds). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 227-252.
34.
Russell LD and Ettlin RA (1990). Histological and Histopathological Evaluation of the Testis. Cache River Press, Clearwater, FL.
35.
Russell LD, Malone JP, and Karpas SL (1981). Morphological pattern elicited by agents affecting spermatogenesis by disruption of its hormonal stimulation. Tissue Cell13: 369-380.
36.
Schrader SM , Turner TW, Breitenstein MJ, and Simon SD (1988). Longitudinal study of semen quality of unexposed workers. Reprod. Toxicol. 2: 1-8.
37.
Schulze W. and Rehder U. (1983). Organization and morphogenesis of the human seminiferous epithelium. Cell Tiss. Res. 237: 395-407.
38.
Snyder PJ (1990). Fewer sperm in the summer-It's not the heat, it's .... N. Engl. J. Med. 323: 54-56.
39.
Takayama S. , Akaike M., Kawashima K., Takahashi M., and Kurokawa Y. (1995). A collaborative study in Japan on optimal treatment period and parameters for detection of male fertility disorders induced by drugs in rats. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 14: 266-292.
Widdowson EM , Mavor WO, and McCance RA (1964). The effect of undernutrition and rehabilitation on the development of the reproductive organs: Rats. J. Endocrinol. 29: 119-126.
42.
Wise LD (1996). Summary of MARTA/MTA hotline #36, personal communication .
43.
Wise LD and Expert Working Committees (1996).
44.
Working PK (1988). Male reproductive toxicology: Comparison of the human to animal models. Environ. Health Perspect. 77: 37-44.
45.
Zemjanis RB and Gondos EC (1970). Testicular degeneration in Macaca nemistrina induced by immobilization. Fertil. Steril . 21: 335-340.
46.
Zschauer A. and Hodel C. (1980). Drug-induced histological changes in rat seminiferous tubular epithelium. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 4: 466-470.
