Neutrophils undergo a complex series of events when functioning to control bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Any factor that interferes with neutrophil production or suppresses neutrophil function will rapidly make the animal more susceptible to infectious diseases. In vitro assays are used to detect and characterize defects in neutrophil function that may be induced by exposure to potential toxins. This paper focuses on important considerations in designing experiments for the evaluation of neutrophil function and interpretation of data.
Bertram TA (1985). Neutrophilic leukocyte structure and function in domestic animals. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med. 30: 91-129.
2.
Bertram TA, Canning PC, and Roth JA (1986). Preferential inhibition of primary granule release from bovine neutrophils by an extract from Brucella abortus. Infect. Immun. 52: 285-292.
3.
Brown GB and Roth JA (1991). Comparison of the response of bovine and human neutrophils to various stimuli. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol . 28: 201-218.
4.
Chiang Y.-W, Kaeberle ML, and Roth JA (1986). Identification of suppressive components in Haemophilus somnus fractions which inhibit bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function . Infect. Immun. 52: 792-797.
5.
Chibber R. and Castle AG (1983). Biochemical characterisation of porcine polymorphonuclear leucocytes : Comparison with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 75B: 335-340.
6.
Clark RA and Nauseef WM (1991). Isolation and functional analysis of neutrophils . In: Current Protocols in Immunology, JE Coligan, AM Kruisbeek , DH Margulies, EM Shevach , and W Strober (eds). John Wiley and Sons, Unit 7.23, New York .
7.
Coe NE, Frank DE, Wood RL, and Roth JA (1991). Alteration of neutrophil function in BCG-treated and non-treated swine after exposure to Salmonella typhimurium. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 33: 37-50.
8.
Coignoul FL, Bertram TA, Roth JA, and Cheville NF (1984). Functional and ultrastructural evaluation of neutrophils from foals and lactating and nonlactating mares. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45: 898-902.
9.
Densen P. and Mandell GL (1990). Granulocytic phagocytes. In: Principles and Practices of Infectious Diseases, GL Mandell , RG Douglas, and JE Bennett (eds). Churchill Livingstone , New York, pp. 81-101.
10.
Ellenberger MA, Kaeberle ML, and Roth JA (1984). In vitro effects of Rhodococcus equi on equine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 7: 315-324.
11.
Field TR, Williams MR, and Bunch KJ (1985). An improved method for the isolation of a neutrophil-rich fraction from porcine blood. Br. Vet. J. 141:355-361.
12.
Frank DE and Roth JA (1986). Factors secreted by untreated and hydrocortisone-treated monocytes that modulate neutrophil function. J. Leukoc. Biol . 40: 693-707.
13.
Goff BL, Flaming KP, Frank DE, and Roth JA (1991). Recombinant porcine somatotropin: An immunotoxicology study. J. Anim. Sci. 69: 4523-4537.
14.
Gossett KA, MacWilliams PS, Enright FM, and Cleghorn B. (1983). In vitro function of canine neutrophils during experimental inflammatory disease. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol . 5: 151-159.
15.
Kehrli ME, Goff JP, Stevens MG, and Boone TC (1991). Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration to periparturient dairy cows on neutrophils and bacterial shedding . J. Dairy Sci. 74: 2448-2458.
16.
Kehrli ME, Nonnecke BJ, and Roth JA (1989). Alterations in bovine peripheral blood neutrophil function during the periparturient period. Am. J. Vet. Res . 50: 207-214.
17.
Kroese FM, Willemse A., and Slappendel RJ (1981). Granulocyte function tests in canine infectious diseases: Methods and preliminary clinical results. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2: 455-466.
18.
Metcalf JA, Gallin JI, Nauseef WM, and Root RK (1986). Laboratory Manual of Neutrophil Function. Raven Press, New York.
19.
Morrison WB , Frank DE, Roth JA, and Wilsman NJ (1987). Assessment of neutrophil function in two dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia . J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 191: 425-430.
20.
Roth JA and Frank DE (1989). Recombinant bovine interferon gamma as an immunomodulator in dexamethasone-treated and non-treated cattle. J. Interferon Res. 9: 143-151.
21.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1981). Effects of in vivo dexamethasone administration on in vitro bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Infect. Immun. 33: 434-441.
22.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1981). Evaluation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2: 157-174.
23.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1981). Isolation of neutrophils and eosinophils from the peripheral blood of cattle and comparison of their functional activities . J. Immunol. Methods45: 153-164.
24.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1983). Suppression of neutrophil and lymphocyte function induced by a vaccinal strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus with and without the concurrent administration of ACTH. Am. J. Vet. Res. 44: 2366-2372.
25.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1984). Effect of levamisole on lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in dexamethasone-treated cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 45: 1781-1784.
26.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1985). Enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function by avridine in normal and dexamethasone-treated cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46: 53-57.
27.
Roth JA and Kaeberle ML (1985). In vivo effects of ascorbic acid on neutrophil function in healthy and dexamethasone-treated cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res. 46: 2434-2436.
28.
Roth JA, Kaeberle ML, and Hsu WH (1982). Effect of estradiol and progesterone on lymphocyte and neutrophil function in steers. Infect. Immun. 35: 997-1002.
29.
Roth JA, Kaeberle ML, and Hsu WH (1982). Effects of adrenocorticotropin administration on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis . Am. J. Vet. Res. 43: 412-416.
30.
Southwick FS and Stossel TP (1986). Phagocytosis. In: Manual of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, NR Rose, H Friedman, and JL Fahey (eds). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 326-331.
31.
Steinbeck MJ and Roth JA (1989). Neutrophil activation by recombinant cytokines. Rev. Infect. Dis. 11: 549-567.
32.
Steinbeck MJ , Webb SA, and Roth JA (1989). Role for arachidonic acid metabolism and protein synthesis in recombinant bovine gamma interferon induced activation of bovine neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol . 46: 450-460.
33.
Styrt B. (1989). Species variation in neutrophil biochemistry and function. J. Leukoc. Biol. 46: 63-74.
34.
Washburn SM , Klesius PH, and Ganjam VK (1982). Characterization of the chemiluminescence response of equine phagocytes. Am. J. Vet. Res. 43: 1147-1151.
35.
Webb DSA and Roth JA (1987). Relationship of glucocorticoid suppression of arachidonic acid metabolism to alteration of neutrophil function . J. Leukoc. Biol. 41: 156-164.
36.
Weigel KA, Kehrli ME, Freeman AE, Thurston JR, Stear MJ, and Kelley DH (1991). Association of class 1 bovine lymphocyte antigen complex alleles with immune function in dairy cattle. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 27: 321-335.
