Ackerman, B.P., Brown, E.D., Schoff D.’Eramo, K., & Izard, C.E. ( 2002). Maternal relationship instability and the school behavior of children from disadvantaged families. Developmental Psychology , 38, 694-704.
2.
Ackerman, B.P., Kogos, J., Youngstrom, E., Schoff, K., & Izard, C.E. ( 1999). Family instability and the problem behaviors of children from economically disadvantaged families. Developmental Psychology , 35, 258-268.
3.
Amato, P.R. ( 2001). Children of divorce in the 1990s: An update of the Amato and Keith meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355-370.
4.
Amato, P.R. ( 2005). The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of the next generation. Future of Children, 15, 75-96.
5.
Amato, P.R., & Sobolewski, J.M. (2001). The effects of divorce and marital discord on adult children’s psychological well-being. American Sociological Review, 66, 900-921.
6.
Angel, R., & Worobey, J.L. ( 1988). Single motherhood and children’s health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 38-52.
7.
Aseltine, R.H., Jr. , Robert, H., & Kessler, R.C. (1993). Marital disruption and depression in a community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 34, 237-251.
8.
Bachman, J.G., Wadsworth, K.N., O’Malley, P.M., Johnston, L.D., & Schulenberg, J.E. (1997). Smoking, drinking, and drug use in young adulthood: The impacts of new freedoms and new responsibilities . Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
9.
Barker, D.J. ( 1995). Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. British Medical Journal, 311, 171-174.
10.
Bennett, T. ( 1992). Marital status and infant health outcomes. Social Science & Medicine, 35, 1179-1187.
11.
Bird, S.T., Chandra, A., Bennett, T., & Harvey, S.M. ( 2000). Beyond marital status: Relationship type and duration and the risk of low birth weight. Family Planning Perspectives , 32, 281-288.
12.
Blackman, L., Clayton, O., Glenn, N., Malone-Colon, L., & Roberts, A. ( 2005). The consequences of marriage for African Americans: A comprehensive literature review. New York, NY: Institute for American Values.
13.
Blau, F.D., Kahn, L.M., & Waldfogel, J. ( 2000). Understanding young women’s marriage decisions: The role of labor market and marriage conditions. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 53, 624-647.
14.
Bloom, B., & Dawson, D. ( 1991). Family structure and child health. American Journal of Public Health, 81, 1526-1528.
15.
Bramlett, M.D., & Blumberg, S.J. (2007). Family structure and children’s physical and mental health. Health Affairs, 26, 549-558.
16.
Broman, C. ( 1993). Race differences in marital well-being. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, 724-732.
17.
Brown, S.L. ( 2004). Family structure and child well-being: The significance of parental cohabitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 351-367.
18.
Bulanda, J.R., & Brown, S.L. ( 2007). Race-ethnic differences in marital quality and divorce . Social Science Research, 36, 945-967.
19.
Capaldi, D.M., Crosby, L., & Stoolmiller, M. (1996). Predicting the timing of first sexual intercourse for at-risk adolescent males. Child Development, 67, 344-359.
20.
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. ( 2008). Racial/ethnic disparities in self-rated health status among adults with and without disabilities-United States, 2004-2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 57, 1069-1073.
21.
Cherlin, A.J. ( 1998). Marriage and marital dissolution among black Americans . Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 29, 147-158.
22.
Cramer, J.C. ( 1987). Social factors and infant mortality: Identifying high-risk groups and proximate causes. Demography, 24, 299-322.
23.
Currie, J., & Hyson, R. ( 1999). Is the impact of health shocks cushioned by socioeconomic status? The case of low birthweight. American Economic Review , 89, 245-250.
24.
Dawson, D.A. ( 1991). Family structure and children’s health and well-being: Data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey on Child Health. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 573-584.
25.
Duncan, G., Wilkerson, B., & England, P. ( 2006). Cleaning up their act: The effects of marriage and cohabitation on licit and illicit drug use. Demography, 43, 691-710.
26.
Dush, C.M., & Amato, P.R. ( 2005). Consequences of relationship status and quality for subjective well-being. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships , 22, 607-627.
27.
Eng, P.M., Kawachi, I., Fitzmaurice, G., & Rimm, E.B. ( 2005). Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in U.S. male health professionals. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 59, 56-62.
28.
Fomby, P., & Cherlin, A.J. ( 2007). Family instability and child well-being. American Sociological Review, 72, 181-204.
29.
Geronimus, A.T. ( 1992). The Weathering hypothesis and the health of African American women and infants: Evidence and speculations. Ethnicity & Disease, 2, 207-221.
30.
Geronimus, A.T. ( 2001). Understanding and eliminating racial inequalities in women’s health in the United States: The role of the Weathering conceptual framework. Journal of the American Medical Women’s Association , 56, 133-136.
31.
Goodwin, J.S., Hunt, W.C., Key, C.R., & Samet, J.M. ( 1987). The effect of marital status on stage, treatment, and survival of cancer patients. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258, 3125-3130.
32.
Gove, W.R., Style, C.B., & Hughes, M. ( 1990). The effect of marriage on the well-being of adults: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 4-35.
33.
Gove, W.R., Hughes, M., & Style, C.B. ( 1983). Does marriage have positive effects? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24, 122-131.
34.
Harknett, K., & McLanahan, S. ( 2004). Explaining racial and ethnic differences in marriage among new, unwed parents. American Sociological Review, 69, 790-811.
35.
Hayward, M.D., & Heron, M. ( 1999). Racial inequality in active life among adult Americans . Demography, 36, 77-91.
36.
Hayward, M.D., & Gorman, B.K. ( 2004). The long arm of childhood: the influence of early-life social conditions on men’s mortality. Demography, 41, 87-107.
37.
Holden, K.C., & Smock, P.J. ( 1991). The economic costs of marital dissolution- Why do women bear a disproportionate cost? Annual Review of Sociology, 17, 51-78.
38.
Horwitz, A.V., White, H.R., & Howell-White, S. (1996). Becoming married and mental health: A longitudinal study of a cohort of young adults. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58, 895-907.
39.
House, J.S., & Williams, D.R. (2000). Understanding and reducing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in health. In B. D. Smedly & S. L. Syme (Eds.), Promoting health: Intervention strategies from social and behavioral research. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press.
40.
House, J.S., Umberson, D., & Landis, K.R. ( 1988). Structures and processes of social support. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 293-318.
41.
Jeffery, R.W., & Rick, A.M. ( 2002). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between body mass index and marriage-related factors. Obesity Research , 10, 809-815.
42.
Johnson, D.R., & Wu, J. ( 2002). An empirical test of crisis, social selection, and role explanations of the relationship between marital disruption and psychological distress: A pooled time-series analysis of four-wave panel data. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 211-224.
43.
Jovanovic, Z., Chyongchiou J.L., & Chang, C.H. ( 2003). Uninsured vs. insured population: Variations among nonelderly Americans. Journal of Health & Social Policy, 17, 71-85.
44.
Kahn, H.S., & Williamson, D.F. (1990). The contributions of income, education, and changing marital status to weight change among U.S. men. International Journal of Obesity, 14, 1057-1068.
45.
Kaplan, R.M., & Kronick, R.G. ( 2006). Marital status and longevity in the United States population . Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 760-765.
46.
Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., . . . Kendler, K.S. ( 1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III psychiatric disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry , 51, 8-19.
47.
Kiecolt, K.J., & Fossett, M.A. ( 1997). Mate availability and marriage among African Americans . Perspectives, 3, 12-18.
48.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., & Newton, T.L. ( 2001). Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 472-503.
49.
Kim, H.K., & McKenry, P. ( 2002). The relationship between marriage and psychological well-being . Journal of Family Issues, 23, 885-911.
50.
Kung, H.C., Hoyert, D.L., Xu, J., & Murphy, S.L. ( 2007). Deaths: Preliminary data for 2005. Health E-Stats. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/prelimdeaths05/prelimdeaths05.htm
51.
Lamb, K.A., Lee, G.R., & DeMaris, A. ( 2003). Union formation and depression: Selection and relationship effects. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65, 953-962.
52.
Lee, S., Cho, E., Grodstein, F., Kawachi, I., Hu, F.B., & Colditz, G.A. ( 2005). Effects of marital transitions on changes in dietary and other health behaviours in U.S. women. International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 69-78.
53.
Lerman, R. ( 2002). Marriage and the economic well-being of families with children: A review of the literature. Washington, DC: Urban Institute and American University.
54.
Lichter, D.T., McLaughlin, D.K., Kephart, G., & Landry, D.J. ( 1992). Race and the retreat from marriage: a shortage of marriageable men? American Sociological Review, 57, 781-799.
55.
Lillard, L.A., & Panis, C.W. ( 1996). Marital status and mortality: The role of health. Demography, 33, 313-327.
56.
Lopoo, L.M., & Western, B. ( 2005). Incarceration and the formation and stability of marital unions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 721-734.
57.
Lorenz, F.O., Wickrama, K.A.S., Conger, R.D., & Elder, G.H., Jr. (2006). The short- term and decade-long effects of divorce on women’s midlife health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47, 111-125.
58.
MacDorman, M.F., & Mathews, T.J. ( 2008). Recent trends in infant mortality in the United States (NCHS Data Brief, No9). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics .
59.
Maier, E.H., & Lachman, M.E. ( 2000). Consequences of early parental loss and separation for health and well-being in midlife. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 183-189.
60.
Manning, W.D., & Lamb, K.A. ( 2003). Adolescent well-being in cohabiting, married, and single-parent families. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65, 876-893.
61.
Manzoli, L., Villari, P., Pirone, G.M., & Boccia, A. ( 2007). Marital status and mortality in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 77-94.
62.
Marks, N.F., & Lambert, J.D. ( 1998). Marital status continuity and change among young and midlife adults. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 652-686.
63.
Martin, J.A., Hamilton, B.E., Sutton, P.D., Ventura, S.J., Menacker, F., Kirmeyer, S., & Munson, M.L. ( 2007). Births: Final data for 2005. National Vital Statistics Reports, 56, 1-103.
64.
Massey, D.S. ( 2004). Segregation and stratification: A biosocial perspective . The DuBois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 1, 1-19.
65.
Mauldon, J. ( 1990). The effect of marital disruption on children’s health. Demography, 27, 431-446.
66.
McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. ( 1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
67.
Meadows, S.O., Mclanahan, S.S., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2008). Stability and change in family structure and maternal health trajectories. American Sociological Review, 73, 314-334.
68.
Meyer, M.H., & Pavalko, E.K. ( 1996). Family, work, and access to health insurance among mature women. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 37, 311-325.
69.
Murray, J.E. ( 2000). Marital protection and marital selection: Evidence from a historical-prospective sample ofAmerican men. Demography , 37, 511-521.
70.
Nomaguchi, K.M., & Bianchi, S.M. ( 2004). Exercise time: Gender differences in the effects of marriage, parenthood, and employment. Journal of Marriage and Family , 66, 413-129.
71.
Osborne, C., Ostir, G.V., Du, X., Peek, M.K., & Goodwin, J.S. ( 2005). The influence of marital status on the stage at diagnosis, treatment, and survival of older women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 93, 41-47.
72.
Peters, A., & Liefbroer, A.C. (1997). Beyond marital status: Partner history and well-being in old age. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, 687-699.
73.
Preston, S.H., Hill, M.E., & Drevenstedt, G.L. (1998). Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African Americans. Social Science & Medicine, 47, 1231-1246.
74.
Prigerson, H.G., Maciejewski, P.K., & Rosenheck, R.A. (2000). Preliminary explorations of the harmful interactive effects of widowhood and marital harmony on health, health service use, and health care costs. The Gerontologist , 40, 349-357.
75.
Ross, C.E., & Mirowsky, J. ( 2001). Neighborhood disadvantage, disorder, and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42, 258-276.
76.
Ross, C.E., Mirowsky, J., & Goldsteen, K. ( 1990). The impact of the family on health: The decade in review . Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 1059-1078.
77.
Salihu, H.M., Mbuba, C.K., Oluwatade, O.J., & Aliyu, M. ( 2005). Mortality among twins born to unmarried teenagers in the United States. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 9, 229-235.
78.
Schoenborn, C.A. ( 2004). Marital status and health: United States, 1999-2002. Advance Data, No. 351.
79.
Schoendorf, K.C., Hogue, C.J.R., Kleinman, J.C., & Rowley, D. ( 1992). Mortality among infants of Black as compared with White college-educated parents. New England Journal of Medicine , 326, 1522-1526.
80.
Scholer, S.J., Hickson, G.B., & Ray, W.A. ( 1999). Sociodemographic factors identify U.S. infants at high risk of injury mortality. Pediatrics, 103, 1183-1189.
81.
Schwartz, J., Friedman, H.S., Tucker, J.S., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L., & Criqui, M.H. ( 1995). Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors in childhood as predictors of adult mortality. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1237-1245.
82.
Short, P.F. ( 1998). Gaps and transitions in health insurance: What are the concerns of women? Journal of Women’s Health, 7, 725-737.
83.
Simon, R.W. ( 2002). Revisiting the relationships among gender, marital status, and mental health. American Journal of Sociology, 4, 1065-1096.
84.
Sobal, J., Rauschenbach, B., & Frongillo, E. ( 2003). Marital status changes and body weight changes: A U.S. longitudinal analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 56, 1543-1546.
85.
Sung, J.F., Taylor, B.D., Blumenthal, D.S., Sikes, K., Davis-Floyd, V., McGrady, G.Lofton, T.C., & Wade, T.E. ( 1994). Maternal factors, birthweight, and racial differences in infant mortality: A Georgia population-based study. Journal of the National Medical Association, 86, 437-443.
86.
Trent, K., & South, S.J. ( 2003). Spousal alternatives and marital relations. Journal of Family Issues, 24, 787-810.
87.
Tucker, J.S., Friedman, H.S., Schwartz, J.E., Criqui, M.H., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., Wingard, D.L., & Martin, L.R. ( 1997). Parental divorce: Effects on individual behavior and longevity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 381-391.
88.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). Number, timing, and duration of marriages and divorces: 2004. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/population/www./socdemo/marr-div/2004detailed_tables.html
89.
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). FAM1. A Family structure and children’s living arrangements: Percentage of children ages 0-17 by presence of parents in household and race and Hispanic origin, 1980-2008. Retrieved from http://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/tables/fam1a.asp?popup=true
90.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ( 2000). Healthy People 2010. Washington, DC : Author. Retrieved from http://www.healthypeople.gov
91.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ( 2001). Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity-A supplement to mental health: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD: Author.
92.
Umberson, D. ( 1987). Family status and health behaviors: Social control as a dimension of social integration. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28, 306-319.
93.
Waite, L., & Gallagher, M. ( 2000). The case for marriage. New York, NY : Doubleday.
94.
White, L., & Rogers, S.J. ( 2000). Economic circumstances and family outcomes: A review of the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1035-1051.
95.
Williams, D.R., & Collins, C. ( 1995). U.S. socioeconomic and racial differences in health: Patterns and explanations. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 349-386.
96.
Williams, K., & Umberson, D. ( 2004). Marital status, marital transitions, and health: A gendered life course perspective. Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 45, 81-98.
97.
Wilson, W.J., & Neckerman, K.M. (1986). Poverty and family structure: The widening gap between evidence and public policy issues. In S. Danziger & D. Weinberg (Eds.), Fighting poverty: What works and what doesn’t . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
98.
Wood, R.G., Goesling, B., & Avellar S. ( 2007). The effects of marriage on health: A synthesis of recent research evidence. Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research.
99.
Wu, L.L., & Thomson, E. ( 2001). Race differences in family experience and early sexual initiation: Dynamic models of family structure and family change. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 682-696.
100.
Zhang, Z., & Hayward, M.D. ( 2006). Gender, the marital life course, and cardiovascular health in late midlife. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68, 639-657.
