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Abstract

This article deals with the formation of new sodalities and solidarities in an era of increasing disorder in the world system. It attempts to show the way in which declining hegemony is linked to these new phenomena. Transnational movements of people are not, of course, particularly new and migration itself is no explanation for the increasing establishment of diasporas, for ethnification and ethnic/national conflict. Rather, it might be hypothesized that these phenomena are related to reidentifications that cross national boundaries, to sub- as well as transnational identity formations that challenge national identities and cause them to activate themselves. The result is a serious escalation of identity politics that has risen to alarming proportions. Migration has not led to ethnification. Rather, migration has become ethnified in a period in which assimilation and weaker forms of integration have failed. This is not, of course, a mere question of identity, but also a reordering of political and economic relations in the world arena.

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Transnationalization,Socio-political Disorder,and Ethnification as Expressions of Declining Global Hegemony

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