Over the last fifteen years or so, municipalities in North America have been challenged not only by new issues of local development but also by new requests concerning citizens' participation in urban affairs. For that matter municipal administrations have had recourse to a multiplicity of institutional mechanisms, including public hearings and public consultations, in order to build and develop compromises and consensus. To what extent are these reforms part of a profound transformation of local democracy? The main objective of this article is to highlight the ambivalence found within these reforms and to show how it reflects the tensions and conflicts emerging from the local societies where they are being implemented.
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