The modern age of statism at most divided polities into unitary or federal states. In doing so it obscured the three models of the origin and development of the polity: hierarchic, organic, and covenantal, with the first two leading to unitary states and the third to federal polities. All three models produce institutions, are informed by political cultures, and lead to political behavior characteristic, and at times even singular, to each. This article explores some of the institutional, cultural, and behavioral consequences of each of the three models and compares them.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adamolekun, L. (ed.) (1991). “Federalism in Nigeria: Toward Federal Democracy.” Special issue of Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 21 (4).
2.
Aron, R. (1968). Democracy and Totalitarianism.London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
3.
Beer, S. (1969). Modern British Politics.London: Faber.
4.
Beer, S. (1978). “Federalism, nationalism, and democracy in America.”American Political Science Review, 72 (1).
5.
Elazar, D. (1991) “Federal models of (civil) authority.”Journal of Church and State, 33 (2): 231-254.
6.
Elazar, D. (ed.) (1993). “Communal and Individual Liberty in Swiss Federalism.” Special issue of Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 23 (2).
7.
Elazar, D. (1995). Covenant and Polity in Biblical Israel.New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
8.
Grodzins, M. (1966). The American System: A New View of Government in the United States (D. Elazar, ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally.
9.
Hamilton, A. , J. Madison, and J. Jay (1961). “Federalist No. 1.” In The Federalist (H. Cooke, ed.). Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.
10.
Hoffman, S. (1960). Decline or Renewal? France Since the 1930s.New York: Viking Press.
11.
Landau, M. (1973). “Federalism, redundancy, and system reliability.”Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 3 (2): 173-196.
12.
Lutz, D. (1988). Origins of American Constitutionalism.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
13.
Mair, L. (1962). Primitive Government.London: Penguin.
14.
Michel, R. (1966). Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of a Modern Democracy.New York: Free Press.
15.
Ostrom, V. (1987). The Political Theory of a Compound Republic: Designing the American Experiment.Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
16.
Shaw, S. (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey.New York: Cambridge University Press.
17.
Speiser, E. (1967). Oriental and Biblical Studies: The Collected Writings of E.A. Speiser (J. Finkelstein and M. Greenberg, eds). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
