This paper provides a tour d'horizon of institutional and other nonseparatist responses to ethnic minority claims, including affirmative action, ethnic recruitment, ethnic language maintenance and instruction, communalism, multiculturalism, supranationalism, and "corporatist" arrangements. It is suggested that these responses may have positive as well as unintended or perverse consequences both for society at large and for the minority ethnic group. These consequences depend on a variety of factors, among them the degree of economic and political development; the rootedness and cohesion of the ethnic minority community; the nature and attitudes of the ethnic elite; the intensity of ethnic cultural commit ment ; and the sincerity of national policy makers. Finally, the paper sets out the conditions conducive to combining "national integration" with ethnic minority accommodation.
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