This article discusses approaches to governing ethnically divided societies, examining the impact on ethnic groups of specific solutions, such as guarantees of individual or collective rights, ethnic federalism, and consociationalism. It explores the relationship of these approaches to such concepts as "nation-state," confederalism, interna tional guarantees of minority rights, the right of self-determination, seces sion, and cultural autonomy. Some fundamental issues associated with different options for groups living in a diaspora and for territorially concentrated minorities are analyzed, and attention is drawn to particu larly complex cases where groups are mixed, or where one ethnic group which may itself be a "minority" encompasses a smaller group which otherwise belongs to a "majority" within the state. The author draws extensively from the experience of Yugoslavia, but also from other countries.
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