The large number of new parties appearing in western democracies and their actual and potential impacts offer important avenues of research on parties in general. This paper reviews work on the definition and enumeration of new parties, their variability, classification and distinctiveness, and the development and testing of theory concern ing new parties. It suggests areas of research that, in the author's view, will provide evidence of the need to integrate an understanding of new-party phenomena in the broader spectrum of political studies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alexander, R. J. [ed.] (1982) Political Parties of the Americas: Canada, Latin America and the West Indies . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press .
2.
Converse, P.E. and G. Dupeux (1962) "Politicization of the electorate in France and the United States." Public Opinion Q.26: 1-23.
3.
Crozier, M., S. Huntington, and J. Watanuki (1975) The Crisis of Democracy. New York: New York Univ. Press.
4.
Dalton, R. J., S. C. Flanagan , and P. A. Beck [eds.] ( 1984a) Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
5.
_ ( 1984b) "Political forces and partisan change," pp. 451-476 in Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
6.
Day, A. J. and H. W. Degenhardt [eds.] (1980, 1984) Political Parties of the World. (1st, 2nd eds.) Detroit: Gale Research .
7.
Delury, G. E. [ed.] (1983) World Encyclopedia of Political Systems and Parties. New York : Facts on File.
8.
Duverger, M. (1951) Political Parties: Their Organization and Activity in the Modern State. Paris: Armond Colin.
9.
Epstein, L.D. (1980) Political Parties in Western Democracies. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
10.
Europa Publications (various years) The Europa Yearbook. London: Europa Publications .
11.
Flanagan, S.C. and R.J. Dalton (1984) "Parties under stress."West European Politics7: 7-23.
12.
Frankland, E.G. (1983) "Interpreting the 'Green' phenomenon in West German politics, 1977-1983." Paper presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April 29-May 2.
13.
Hauss, C. and D. Rayside (1978) "The development of new parties in western democracies since 1945," pp. 31-57 in L. Maisel and J. Cooper [eds.] Political Parties: Development and Decay. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
14.
Hodgkin, T. (1961) African Political Parties. London: Penguin.
15.
Janda, K. (1980) Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey. New York: Free Press.
16.
——— and R. Gillies (1980) "Continuity and change," pp. 162-169 in K. Janda, Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey. New York: Free Press.
17.
LaPalombara, J. and M. Weiner [eds.] (1966) Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
18.
Lawson, K. (1976) The Comparative Study of Political Parties. New York: St. Martin's Press.
19.
Müller-Rommel, F. (1982) "Ecology parties in Western Europe." West European Politics4: 68-74.
20.
Pilat, J.F. (1980) Ecology Politics: The Rise of the Green Movement . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
21.
Pinard, M. (1975) "A postscript: an elaboration of the theory of one-party dominance," pp. 277-297 in M. Pinard, The Rise of a Third Party (enlarged ed.). Montreal : McGill-Queen's Univ. Press.
22.
Powell G.B., Jr. (1982) Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and ViolenceCambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
23.
_ ( 1984) "Extremist political parties, electoral polarization, and political turmoil." Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association. Washington DC, September 1-4.
24.
Riggs, F. (1968) "Comparative politics and political parties," in W. Crotty [ed.] Approaches to the Study of Party Organization. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
25.
Sartori, G. (1976) Parties and Party Systems. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.
26.
Schoonmaker, D. (1983) "The 'greens' in West Germany: between movement and party." Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, Il. September 1-4.
