This study is an exploration of industry moderated relationships between organizational culture, as manifested in practices, and revenue-growth among seventy-seven firms in six industry types. Beginning with the premise that organizational practices are shaped by organizational culture and industry demands, it is proposed that the culture-performance link is industry contingent. The results corroborate the existence of cultural practices that are industry or `industry type' specific, and that variations in revenue growth within industry types are associated with practices different from those characterizing the industry-type culture. The implications for both culture research and organizational management are discussed.
Akin, Gib , and David Hopelain1986`Finding the culture of productivity'. Organizational Dynamics7/2: 19-32.
2.
Allaire, Yvan , and Mihaela E. Firsirotu1984`Theories of organizational culture'. Organization Studies5/3: 193-226.
3.
Allen, Robert F. , and Frank J. Dyer1980`A tool for tapping the organizational unconscious'. Personnel Journal59: 192-199.
4.
Barley, Stephen R.1983`Semiotics and the study of occupational and organizational cultures' . Administrative Science Quarterly28: 393-413.
5.
Barney, Jay B.1986`Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?'Academy of Management Review11: 656-665.
6.
Best, A.M.1975-1990Best's insurance reports: Lifehealth. Oldwick, NJ: A. M. Best.
7.
Calori, Roland , and Phillipe Sarnin1991`Corporate culture and economic performance: A French study'. Organization Studies12/1: 49.
8.
Carroll, Daniel T.1983`A disappointing search for excellence' . Harvard Business Review61/6: 78-88.
9.
Chatman, Jennifer A. , and Karen A. Jehn1994`Assessing the relationship between industry characteristics and organizational culture: How different can you be?'. Academy of Management Journal37: 522-553.
10.
Christensen, Edward W. , and George G. Gordon1998`Cultural practices stability over time: A time lag study'. Working Paper, Monmouth University, West Long Branch, New Jersey.
11.
Clark, Burton1970The distinctive college: Antioch, Reed, and Swarthmore. Chicago: Aldine.
12.
Cooke, Robert A. , and Denise M. Rousseau1988`Behavioral norms and expectations: A quantitative approach to the assessment of organizational culture'. Group and Organization Studies13: 245-273.
13.
Cunningham, William H. , Isabella C. M. Cunningham, and Robert T. Green1977`The ipsative process to reduce response set bias'. Public Opinion Quarterly41: 379-394.
14.
Davis, Stanley M.1984Managing corporate culture. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
15.
Denison, Daniel R.1984`Bringing corporate culture to the bottom line' . Organizational Behavior13/2: 5-22.
16.
Denison, Daniel R.1990Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: Wiley.
17.
Denison, Daniel R.1996`What IS the difference between organizational culture and organizational climate? A native's point of view on a decade of paradigm wars.'Academy of Management Review21: 619-654.
18.
Denison, Daniel R. , and Aneil K. Mishra1995`Toward a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness'. Organization Science6: 204-223.
19.
Edwards, Raoul D.1983`The cultural crisis in banking' . United States Banker94: 12-16, 90.
20.
Frost, Peter J. , Larry F. Moore, Meryl R. Louis, Craig C. Lundberg, and Joanne Martin, editors 1985Organizational culture. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
21.
Gagliardi, Pasquale1986`The creation and change of organizational cultures: A conceptual framework' . Organization Studies7/2: 117-134.
22.
Gordon, George G.1985`The relationship of corporate culture to industry sector and corporate performance' in Gaining control of the corporate culture. R.H. Kilmann, M.J. Saxton, R. Serpa, and Associates, (eds), 103-125. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
23.
Gordon, George G.1991`Industry determinants of organizational culture' . Academy of Management Review16: 396-415.
24.
Gordon, George G. , and Walter M. Cummins1979Managing management climate. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
25.
Gordon, George G. , and Nancy DiTomaso1992`Predicting corporate performance from organizational culture'. Journal of Management Studies29: 783-798.
26.
Gregory, Kathleen L.1983`Native-view paradigms: Multiple cultures and culture conflicts in organizations' . Administrative Science Quarterly28: 359-376.
27.
Hansen, Gary S. , and Birger Wernerfelt1989`Determinants of firm performance: The relative importance of economic and organizational factors'. Strategic Management Journal10: 399-411.
28.
Hofstede, Geert1984Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. London: Sage.
29.
Hofstede, Geert , Bram Neuijen, Denise D. Ohayv, and Geert Sanders1990`Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases'. Administrative Science Quarterly35: 286-316.
30.
Kanter, Rosabeth M.1983The change masters. New York: Simon and Schuster.
31.
Kilmann, Ralph H. , and Mary J. Saxton1991The Kilmann-Saxton culture gap survey. Tuxedo, New York: XICOM Inc.
32.
Kilmann, Ralph H. , Mary J. Saxton, and Roy Serpa1985`Introduction: Five key issues in understanding and changing culture' in Gaining control of the corporate culture. Ralph M. Kilmann, Mary J. Saxton, Roy Serpa, and Associates (eds.), 1-16. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
33.
Kirkpatrick, David1993`Could AT&T rule the world?' . Fortune, May 17: 55-66.
34.
Kotter, John P. , and James L. Heskett1992Corporate culture and performance. New York: The Free Press.
35.
Lewin, Arie Y. , and John W. Minton1986`Determining organizational effectiveness: Another look, and an agenda for research'. Management Science32: 514-538.
36.
Martin, Joanne , and Caren Siehl1983`Organizational culture and counter-culture: An uneasy symbiosis'. Organizational Dynamics12/2: 52-64.
37.
Meyer, John W. , and W. Richard Scott, editors 1992Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
O'Reilly, Charles A. III , Jennifer Chatman, and David Caldwell1991`People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit'. Academy of Management Journal34: 487-516.
40.
Ouchi, William G.1981Theory Z. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
41.
Pascale, Richard T. , and Anthony G. Athos1981The art of Japanese management. New York: Simon and Schuster.
42.
Peters, Thomas J. , and Robert H. Waterman1982In search of excellence. New York: Harper and Row.
Phillips, Margaret E.1994`Industry mindsets: Exploring the cultures of two macro-organizational settings' . Organizational Science5: 384-402.
45.
Quinn, Robert E. and Gretchen M. Spreitzer1991The psychometrics of the competing values culture instrument and an analysis of the impact of organizational culture on quality of life' in Research in organizational change and development. Vol. 5. Richard W. Woodman and William A. Pasmore (eds.), 115-142. Greenwich. CT: JAI Press.
46.
Rentsch, Joan R.1990`Climate and culture: Interaction and qualitative differences in organizational meanings' . Journal of Applied Psychology75: 668-681.
47.
Reynierse, James H. , and John B. Harker1986`Measuring and managing organizational culture'. Human Resource Planning9: 1-8.
48.
Reynolds, Paul D.1986`Organizational culture as related to industry, position and performance: A preliminary report' . Journal of Management Studies23: 333-345.
49.
Sashkin, Marshall , and Robert Fulmer 1985 `Measuring organizational excellence culture with a validated questionnaire'. Paper presented at the August meeting of the Academy of Management, San Diego, CA.
50.
Saffold, Guy S. III.1988`Culture traits, strength. and organizational performance: Moving beyond `strong' culture' . Academy of Management Review13: 546-557.
51.
Sapienza, Alice M.1985`Believing is seeing: How culture influences the decisions top managers make' in Gaining control of the corporate culture. Ralph H. Kilmann, Mary J. Saxton, Roy Serpa, and Associates (eds.), 66-83. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
52.
Schein, Edgar H.1990`Organizational culture' . American Psychologist45: 109-119.
53.
Schein, Edgar H.1992Organizational culture (and leadership, 2nd ed.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
54.
Scott, W. Richard1987Organizations: Rational, natural and open systems, 2nd ed.Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
55.
Siehl, Caren , and Joanne Martin1990`Organizational culture: A key to financial performance?' in Organizational climate and culture. B. Schneider (ed.), 241-281. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
56.
Simon, Herbert A.1976Administrative behavior, 2nd. ed.New York: Free Press.
57.
Smircich, Linda1983`Concepts of culture and organizational analysis' . Administrative Science Quarterly28: 339-358.
Standard and Poor's 1991 industrial Compustat data base.
60.
Taylor, James C. , and David G. Bowers1972Survey of organizations. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.
61.
Thompson, James D.1967Organizations in action. New York: McGraw-Hill.
62.
Trice, Harrison M. and David Morand1991`Cultural diversity: Subcultures and counter cultures in work organizations' in Studies in Organizational Sociology, Vol. 10. G. Miller (ed.), 69-105. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
63.
U.S. Bureau of the Census1975-1990Statistical abstract of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
64.
U.S. Bureau of the Census1982Census of manufacturers. General Summary, Part 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
65.
Wilkins, Alan L. , and W. Gibb Dyer, Jr.1988`Toward culturally sensitive theories of cultural change'. Academy. of Management Review13: 522-553.
