An analytic framework which relates cultural variables to structural and technoecono mic factors, both inside and outside the organization, is derived from the methods employed by cultural anthropologists to generate a functional theory. The framework divides variables into two classes — social and organization, and along three different subsystems — technoeconomic, structural, and cultural. Useful in reconciling previously inconsistent or incompatible theories of organization, the framework is offered as a coordination device to integrate the results of divergent approaches to organizational culture studies.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allaire, Yves, and M.E. Firsirotu1984'Theories of organizational culture'Organization Studies5: 193-226.
2.
Berger, Peter, and Thomas Luckmann1967The social construction of realityHarmondsworth : Penguin .
3.
Blau, Peter M.1974Inequality and heterogeneityNew York: Wiley.
4.
Burrell, Gibson, and Gareth Moran1979Sociological paradigms and organizational analysisLondon: Heinemann.
5.
Chandler, A.D.1962Strategy and structureCambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
6.
Child, J.1972'Organizational structure, environment, and performance: The role of strategic choice'Sociology6: 1-22.
7.
Dahrendorf, Ralf1964Homo Sociologicus: Ein Versuch zur Geschichte, Bedeutung und Kritik der Kategorie der sozialen RolleCologne and Operladen Westdeutscher Verlag.
8.
Dandridge, Thomas, Ian Mitroff, and William Joyce1980'Organizational symbolism: A topic to expand organizational analysis'Academy of Management Review5: 248-256.
9.
Deal, Terrence E., and A.A. Kennedy1982Corporate culturesReading, Ma. : Addison-Wesley.
10.
DiMaggio, Paul J., and William W. Powell1983'The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields'American Sociological Review48: 147-160.
11.
Fama, Eugene F., and Michael C. Jensen1983'Separation of ownership and control'Journal of Law and Economics26: 301-325.
12.
Galbraith, Jay R.1977Organization designReading, Ma.: Addison-Wesley.
13.
Geertz, Clifford1973The interpretation of culturesNew York: Basic Books.
14.
Gordon, G.G.1983'How corporate culture relates to success'The Hay Report4.1-4.19.
15.
Hall, D.J., and M.A. Saias1980'Strategy follow structure'Strategic Management Journal1: 149-163.
16.
Hannan, Michael T., and John H. Freeman1977'The population ecology of organizations'American Journal of Sociology32: 929-964.
17.
Harris, Marvin1980Cultural materialism: the struggle for a science of cultureNew York: Vintage.
18.
Hirsch, Paul M.1975'Organizational analysis and industrial sociology: an instance of cultural lag'American Sociologist10: 3-12.
19.
Jelinek, Marian, Linda Smircich, and Paul Hirsch1983'Introduction: a code of many colors'Administrative Science Quarterly28: 331-338.
20.
Kaplan, D., and R.A. Manners1972Culture theoryEnglewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall.
21.
Katz, Daniel, and Robert L. Kahn1966The social psychology of organizationsNew York: Wiley.
22.
Louis, Meryl Reis1983'Organization as culutre-bearing milieux' in Organizational symbolism. L. R. Pondy et al. (eds.), 39-54. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
23.
Luhmann. Niklas1976'A general theory of organized systems' in European contributions to organization theory. G. Hofstede and M. S. Kassem (eds.), 126-146. Assen: Van Gorkum.
24.
March. James G., and Jon P. Olsen1976Ambiguity and choice in organizationsOslo: Universitetsforlaget.
25.
Martin, Joanne, M.S. Feldman, M.J. Hatch. and S.B. Sitkin1983'The uniqueness paradox in organizational stories'Administrative Science Quarterly, 28: 438-453.
26.
Meyer, John W., and Brian Rowan1977'Institutionalized organizations: formal structure as myth and ceremony'American Journal of Sociology , 83: 340-363.
27.
Morgan, Gareth1980'Paradigms, metaphors, and puzzle solving in organization theory'Administrative Science Quarterly25: 605-622.
28.
Ouchi, William G., and A.M. Jaeger1978'Type Z organization: stability in the midst of mobility'Academy of Management Review3: 305-314.
29.
Pennings, Johannes M.1975'The relevance of the structural-contingency model for organizational effectiveness'Administrative Science Quarterly20: 393-410.
30.
Pennings, Johannes M.1980'Environmental influences on the creation process' in The organizational life cycle. J. R Kimberley et al. (eds.), 134-163. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass .
31.
Pennings, Johannes M.1985'Structural contingency theory reconsidered' Forthcoming.
32.
Pennings, Johannes M., and C. Gilles Van Wijk1985'Consensus at the junction of organizational boundaries'Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of The American Sociological Association, Washington, D.C.
33.
Peters, T.J., and R.H. Waterman1982In search of excellenceNew York : Harper and Row.
34.
Pettigrew, Andrew M.1979'On studying organizational cultures'Administrative Science Quarterly24: 570-581.
35.
Pettigrew, Andrew M.1985'Culture and politics in strategic decision making and change' in Organizational strategy, and change. J. M. Pennings et al., 269-318. San Francisco, Ca.: Jossey-Bass.
36.
Pfeffer, Jeffrey1981'Management as symbolic action: The creation and maintenance of organizational paradigms' in Research Organizational Behavior 3. L. L. Cummings and B. M. Staw (eds.), 1-52. Greenwich, Conn.: JAI Press.
37.
Pfeffer, Jeffrey, and Yinon Cohen1984'Determinants of internal labor markets in organizations'Administrative Science Quarterly29: 550-572.
38.
Porter, Michael E.1980Competitive strategyNew York : The Free Press.
39.
Rumelt, Richard1974Strategy, structure and economic performanceBoston, Mass.: Harvard Business School.
40.
Selznick, Philip1957Leadership in administration. A sociological interpretationNew York: Harper and Row.
41.
Smircich, Linda1983'Concepts of culture and organizational analysis'Administrative Science Quarterly28: 339-358.
42.
Stinchcombe, Arthur L.1959'Bureaucratic and craft administration of production: a comparative study'Administrative Science Quarterly4: 168-187.
43.
Thompson, James D.1967Organizations in actionNew York : McGraw-Hill.
44.
Trice, Harrison M., and Janice M. Beyer .1983'Studying organizational cultures through rites and ceremonials'Buffalo : School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo .
45.
Vancil, Robert1979Decentralization: managerial ambiguity by designHomewood, Ill.: Irwin.
46.
Van de Ven, Andrew H., and Robert Drazin1985'The concept of fit in organization theory' in Research in Organizational Behavtor 7. L. L. Cummings and B. M. Staw (eds. ), Greenwich. Conn.: JAI Press.
47.
Weick, Karl E.1979The social psychology of organizingReading, Ma.: Addison-Wesley.
48.
White, Harrison C.1984'Agency and control' in The agency problem in modern business practice (forthcoming) J. Pratt and R. Zeckhausen (eds.).
