A model dealing with the effects of the professional and organizational commitments of Certified Public Accountants, or of other work-related attitudes and intent to leave, is examined in three different employment settings in California: self-employed CPAs, CPAs employed in professional organizations and CPAs employed in non-professional organizations. These commitments and work-related attitudes were found to have different effects on intentions to leave in the different work settings. These findings suggest that the generality of prevalent withdrawal models ought to be reconsidered and that theoretical adjustments ought to be made for differences in settings.
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