This study examines how organizational climate dissimilarity between parent firms and the joint venture organization (JVO) affects joint venture performance. Data were obtained from interviews with the general manager of 40 IJVs and questionnaires were completed by top-level managers from both parents and the JVO (6 people / IJV). Results indicate that to have the best chance of success, it is important for a firm starting a joint venture to select a partner with an organizational climate similar to its own. Results also indicate that it is important to create an organizational climate at the JVO that is similar to the foreign parent's organizational climate.
Anderson, Neil , and Michael West1998`Measuring climate for work group innovation of the team climate inventory'. Journal of Organizational Behavior19/3: 235-258.
2.
Barnard, Chester1968The functions of the executive, 30th anniversary edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
3.
Barzel, Yoram1982`Measurement cost and the organization of markets' . Journal of Law and Economics25/1: 27.
4.
Beamish, Paul1988Multinational joint ventures in developing countries. London: Routledge.
5.
Beamish, Paul , and John Banks1987`Equity joint ventures and the theory of the multinational enterprise'. Journal of International Business Studies18/2: 1-16.
6.
Beamish, Paul , and Andrew Delios1997`Improving joint venture performance through congruent measures of success' in Cooperative strategies: European perspectives. Paul W. Beamish and J. Peter Killing (eds.), 103-127. San Francisco, CA: New Lexington.
7.
Bowers, David1988The survey of organizations. Ann Arbor, MI: Rensis Likert and ass.
8.
Brown, Donna1990`Welcome, comrades, to marketing 101' . Management Review79: 30-32.
9.
Brown, L. , Allen Rugman, and Allen Verbeke1989`Japanese joint ventures with westem multinationals: Synthesizing the economic and cultural explanations of failure'. Asia Pacific Journal of Management6: 225-242.
10.
Buckley, Peter , and Mark Casson1988`A theory of cooperation in international business' in Cooperative strategies in international business. F. Contractor and P. Lorange (eds.). 31-53. New York: Lexington Press.
11.
Buono, Antony , and James Bowditch1989The human side of mergers and acquisitions. San Francisco, CA: The New Lexington Press.
12.
Buono, Antony , J. Bowditch, and J. Lewis1985`When cultures collide: The anatomy of a merger'. Human Relations68: 477-500.
13.
Calori, Roland , and Philippe Sarnin1991`Corporate culture and economic performance: A French study'. Organization Studies12/1: 49-74.
14.
Campbell, John , Marvin Dunnette, Edward Lawler, and Karl Weick1979Managerial behavior, performance, and effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15.
Cattaneo, Elenora1992`Managing joint ventures in Russia: Can the problems be solved' . Management International Review25/5: 68-72.
16.
Chaterjee, Satan , Michale Lubatkin, David Schweiger, and Yaakov Weber1992`Cultural differences and shareholder value in related mergers: Linking equity and human capital'. Strategic Management Journal13: 319-334.
17.
Chatman, Jennifer1989`Improving international organizational research: A model of person organization fit' . Academy of Management Review14/3: 333-349.
18.
Cohen, Julie1990`Soviets do the shuffle American style' . Management Review79: 42-43.
19.
Cook. Dennis , and Sanford Weisberg1982Residuals and influence in regression. New York: Chapman.
20.
Costello, T. , J. Kubis, and C. Schaffer1963`An analysis of attitudes towards a planned merger'. Administrative Science Quarterly8: 235-249.
21.
Cullen, John , Jean Johnson, and Tomoaki Sakano1995`Japanese and local partner commitment to IJVs: Psychological consequences of outcomes and investments in the LUV relationship'. Journal of International Business Studies26/1: 91-116.
22.
Datta, Deepak1991`Organizational fit and acquisition performance: Effects of post-acquisition integration' . Strategic Management Journal12: 281-297.
23.
Denison, Daniel1990Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: Wiley.
24.
Denison, Daniel1996`What is the difference between organizational climate and organizational culture? A Native's point of view on a decade of paradigm wars' . Academy of Management Review21/3: 619-654.
25.
Denison, Daniel , and A. Mishra1994`Towards a theory of organizational culture and effectiveness'. Organizational Science5/3: 1-18.
26.
Draper, David1988`Rank-based robust analysis of linear models I: Exposition and review' . Statistical Science3: 239-271.
27.
Drexler, John1977`Organizational climate homogeneity within firms' . Journal of Applied Psychology62: 38-42.
28.
Dunham, Randall1977`Reactions to job characteristics: Moderating effects of the organization' . Academy of Management Journal20: 42-65.
29.
Fey, Carl F.1995a`Important design characteristics for Russian-foreign joint ventures' . European Management Journal13/4: 405-415.
30.
Fey, Carl F.1995b`Success strategies for Russian-foreign joint ventures' . Business Horizons6: 49-54.
31.
Fey, Carl F.1996`Key success factors for Russian-foreign joint ventures' . The International Executive38/3: 337-389.
32.
Fey, Carl F. , and Paul W. Beamish1999`Strategies for managing Russian international joint venture conflict'. European Management Journal17/1: 99-106.
33.
Fey, Carl F. , and Paul W. Beamish2000`A study of intra-IJV conflict: The case of IJVs in Russia'. International Business Review9/2: 139-162.
34.
Franko, Laurence1971`Joint venture divorce in the multinational company' . Columbia Journal of World Business3: 23-41.
35.
Gaves, Desmond1981`Individual reactions to a merger of two small firms of brokers within the reinsurance industry: A total population survey' . Journal of Management Studies18: 89-113.
36.
Geringer, Michael1988Joint venture partner selection: Strategies for developed countries. Westport, CT: Quorum.
37.
Geringer, Michael , and Louis Hebert1991`Measuring performance of international JVs'. Journal of International Business Studies22/2: 249-263.
38.
Glick, William1985`Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate. Pitfalls in multilevel research' . Academy of Management Review10: 601-616.
39.
Griffin, Mark , and John Mathieu1997`Modeling organizational processes across hierarchical levels: Climate, leadership, and group process in work groups'. Journal of Organizational Behavior18/6: 731-744.
40.
Halpin, Andrew , and D. Croft1962The organizational climate of schools. St. Louis: Washington University Press.
Harrigan, Kathryn1988b`Strategic alliances and partner asymmetries' in Cooperatie strategies in international business. F. Contractor and P. Lorange (eds.), 205-226. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
43.
Hebert, Louis 1994 `Division of control and joint venture performance'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Western Ontario.
44.
Hennart, Jean-Francis1988`A transaction cost theory of equity joint ventures' . Strategic Management Journal9: 36-74.
45.
Herman, J. , Dunham Randall, and C. Hulin1975`Organizational structure, demographic characteristics, and employee response'. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance13: 206-232.
46.
Hertzfeld, Jerry1991`Joint Ventures: Saving the Soviets from perestroika' . Harvard Business Review69/1: 80-91.
47.
Hettmansperger, Thomas1984Statistical inference based on ranks. New York: Wiley.
48.
Hofstede, Geert1980Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
49.
Hyder, Sved 1988 `The development of international joint venture relationships: A longitudinal study of exchange of resources, control, and conflicts'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Uppsala.
50.
Inkpen, Andrew 1992 `Learning and collaboration: An examination of North American-Japanese JVs'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Western Ontario.
51.
James, Lawrence , and Allan Jones1974`Organizational climate: A review of theory and research'. Psychological Bulletin18: 1096-1112.
52.
Janger, A.1980Organization of international joint ventures. New York: Conference Board.
53.
Jemison, David , and Sim Sitkin1986`Corporate acquisitions: A process perspective'. Academy of Management Review11/1: 145-163.
54.
Johannesson, R1976`Some problems in the measurement of organizational climate' . Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance10: 95-103.
55.
Joyce, William , and John Slocum1982`Climate discrepancy: Refining the concepts of psychological and organizational climate'. Human Relations35: 951-972.
56.
Joyce, William , and John Slocum1984`Collective climate: Agreement as a basis for defining aggregate climate in organizations'. Academy of Management Journal27: 721-742.
57.
Katz, Ralph1980`Time and work: Towards an integrative perspective' in Research in organizational behaviour. B. Straw and L. Cummings (eds.). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
58.
Kildea, D.1981`Brown-Mood type median estimators for simple regression models' . American Mathematical Statistics9: 438-442.
59.
Killing, Peter1983Strategies for joint venture success. New York: Praeger.
60.
Kogut, Bruce , and Habir Singh1988`The effect of national culture on choice of entry mode'. Journal of International Business Studies19/3: 411-432.
61.
Koys, Daniel , and Tomas Decotiis1991`Inductive measures of psychological climate'. Human Relations44: 265-285.
62.
Lane, Harry , and Paul Beamish1990`Cross-cultural cooperative behavior in joint ventures in LDCs'. Management International Review30: 87-102.
63.
Lawrence, Paul , and C. Vlachoutsicos1990`Joint ventures in Russia: Put the locals in charge'. Harvard Business Review (January-February): 44-52.
64.
Lee, J.1989`Study on strategic success of Korean joint ventures overseas' . Hong Kong Journal20.
65.
Lee, Chal , and Paul Beamish1995`The characteristics and performance of Korean joint ventures in LDC's'. Journal of International Business Studies26: 637-654.
66.
Lewin, Kurt1951Field theory in social science. New York: Harper and Row.
67.
Lewin, Kurt , R. Lippit, and R. White1939`Patterns of aggressive behaviour in experimentally created social climates'. Journal of Social Psychology10: 271-299.
68.
Likert, Rensis1961New patterns of management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
69.
Likert, Rensis1967The human organization. New York: McGraw-Hill.
70.
Litwin, George , and Robert Stringer1968Motivation and organizational climate. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
71.
Makino, Shigefumi 1995 `Joint venture ownership structure and performance: Japanese joint ventures in Asia'. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Western Ontario.
72.
Mayo, Elton1945The social problems of industrial civilization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
73.
McCarthy, Daniel , Sheila Puffer, and Peter Simmonds1993`Riding the Russian rollercoaster: US firms' recent experience and future plans in the former USSR'. California Management Review (Fall): 99-115.
74.
McKean, J. , S. Sheather, and Thomas Hettmansperger1990`Regression diagnostics for rank-based methods'. Journal of the American Statistical Association85: 1018-1028.
75.
Nahavandi, Avsaneh , and Ali Malekzadeh1988`Acculturation in mergers and acquisitions'. Academy of Management Review13/1: 79-90.
76.
Newman, Joseph1975`Understanding the organization structure-job attitude relationship through perceptions of the work environment' . Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance14: 371-397.
77.
Nigh, Douglas , and Karen Smith1989`The new US joint ventures in the USSR: Assessment and management of political risk'. Columbia Journal of World Business24/2: 39-44.
78.
Nigh, Douglas , Peter Walters and James Kuhlman1990`US-USSR joint ventures: An examination of the early entrants'. Columbia Journal of World Business (Winter): 20-41.
79.
Norusis, Marija1993SPSS for windows base system user's guide release 6.0. Chicago: SPSS.
80.
Nunnally, Jum1978Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
81.
O'Rilley, Charles , Jennifer Chatman, and David Caldwell1991`People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit'. Academy of Management Journal34/3: 487-516.
82.
Ouchi, William1980`Markets, bureaucracies, and clans' . Administrative Science Quarterly25: 129-141.
83.
Payne, R. , and D. Pough1976`Organizational structure and climate' in Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. M. Dunnette (ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally.
84.
Parkhe, Arvid1991`Interfirm diversity, organizational learning, and longevity in global strategic alliances' . Journal of International Business Studies22/4: 579-601.
85.
Perlmutter, Harvard , and David Heenan1986`Cooperate to compete globally'. Harvard Business Review (March-April): 136-152.
86.
Pettibone, Peter1991`Negotiating a business venture in the Soviet Union' . Journal of Business Strategy (January-February): 18-23.
87.
Popova, Tatyana1993`Joint ventures today' . Business and Investment in the CIS11: 9-10.
88.
Raffi, F. 1978 `Joint ventures and transfer of technology to Iran: The impact of foreign control'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.
89.
Ralston, Keith1991`Soviet-US joint ventures: Pioneers on a new frontier' . California Management Review32/2: 88-108.
90.
Schaan, Jean-Louis 1983 `Parent control and joint venture success: The case of Mexico'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Western Ontario.
91.
Schneider, Benjamin1990Organizational climate and culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
92.
Schneider, Benjamin , and Amon Reichers1983`On the etiology of climates'. Personnel Psychology36: 19-39.
93.
Schuller, Randall , Peter Dowling, and Helen De Cieri1992`The formation of an international joint venture: Marley automotive components'. European Management Journal10: 304-309.
94.
Schwartz, Howard and Stanley Davis1981`Matching corporate culture and business strategy'. Organizational Dynamics23/1: 58-68.
95.
Sherr, Alan1988`Joint ventures with the USSR: Soviet and Western interests with considerations for negotiations' . Columbia Journal of World Butsiness23/2: 25-41.
96.
Simiar, F.1983`Major causes of joint venture failures in the Middle East: The case of Iran' . Management International Review23/1: 58-68.
97.
Steiner, Ivan1972Group process and productivity. New York: Academic Press.
98.
Stuckey, John1983Vertical integration and joint ventures in the aluminum industry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
99.
Tagiuri, Renato , and George Litwin1968Organizational climate: Explorations of a concept. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
100.
Taylor, James , and David Bowers1972The survey of organizations. Ann Arbor, MI.: University of Michigan Press.
101.
Tomlinson, James1970The JV process in international business: India and Pakistan. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
102.
Tomlinson, James W. , and M. Thompson1977`A study of joint ventures in Mexico'. Office of Science and Technology, Department of Industry, Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, Canada.
103.
Weick, Karl1979The social psychology of organizing. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
104.
Williamson, Oliver1975Markets and hierarchies: Analysis and antitrust implications. New York: Free Press.
105.
Williamson, Oliver1985The economic institutions of capitalism. New York: Free Press.
106.
Williamson, Oliver1994`Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization' in Fundamental issues in strategy. Richard Rumelt, Daniel Schendel, and David Teece (eds.), 67-82. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
107.
Yan, Amin 1993 `Bargaining power, management control, and performance in international joint ventures: Development and test of a negotiations model'. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pennsylvania State University.
108.
Yan, Amin , and Barbra Gray1994`Bargaining power, management control, and performance in United States-China joint ventures: A comparative case study'. Academy of Management Journal37/6: 1478-1517.
