This review of recent research on rural development and food security makes clear that despite global trends favoring urbanization and large farm expansions, the most efficacious ways of generating advances in rural incomes and agronomic productivity are to promote land titling programs, agricultural extension services, a broad distribution of rural-located industrial projects, and sustained engagement with social capital-based rural networks.1
AkramovK. T. & OmuralievN. (2004). Institutional change, rural services, and agricultural performance in Kyrgyzstan (Discussion Paper No. 904). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
2.
AnderssonK.De AndaG. G. & Van LaerhovenF. (2009a). Comparative analysis for the institutional conditions for effective rural development services. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & vanF. Laerhoven (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 139–160). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
3.
AnderssonK.De AndaG. G. & Van LaerhovenF. (2009b). Conclusions. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & vanF. Laerhoven (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 184–201). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
4.
AnderssonK.De AndaG. G. & Van LaerhovenF. (2009c). Poverty, rural development, and local governance in Latin America. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & vanF. Laerhoven (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 3–21). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
5.
AnderssonK.De AndaG. G. & Van LaerhovenF. (2009d). The role of local governments in rural development in Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & van LaerhovenF. (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 30–41). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
6.
Ávalos-SartorioB. (2006). What can we learn from past price stabilization policies and market reform in Mexico?Food Policy, 31(4), 313–327.
7.
BaananteM. J. (2009). Peru. The pre-decentralization baseline case. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & van LaerhovenF. (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 113–138). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
8.
BarrA. M. (2002). The functional diversity and spillover effects of social capital. Journal of African Economics, 11(1), 90–113.
9.
BarrettC.BellemareM. F. & HouJ. Y. (2010). Reconsidering conventional explanations of the inverse productivity-size relationship. World Development, 38(1), 88–97.
10.
BerdeguéJ. A.Fernando CarriazoF.JaraB.ModregoF. & SoloagaI. (2015). Cities, territories, and inclusive growth: Unraveling urban–rural linkages in Chile, Columbia, and Mexico. World Development, 73, 56–71.
11.
BirnerR. & ResnickD. (2010). The political economy of policies for smallholder agriculture. World Development, 37(10), 1442–1452.
12.
Borda-RodriguezA.JohnsonH.ShawL. & VicariS. (2016). What makes rural co-operatives resilient in developing countries?Journal of International Development, 28(1), 89–111.
13.
BourneJ. K.Jr. (2009). The end of plenty special report: The global food crisis. National Geographic, 215(6), 26–59.
14.
BourneJ. K.Jr. (2014). The next breadbasket: Why big corporations are grabbing up land on the planet’s hungriest continent. National Geographic, 226(1), 47–71.
15.
BreisingerC. & DiaoX. (2008). Economic transformation in theory and practice (Working Paper No. 10). Washington, DC: ReSAKSS/IFPRI [Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System/International Food Policy Research Institute].
16.
BrownH. C. P. & SonwaD. J. (2015). Rural local institutions and climate change adaptation in forest communities in Cameroon. Ecology and Society, 20(2). Retrieved January18, 2016, from http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-073270-200206
ByerleeD.JayneT. S. & MyersR. J. (2006). Managing food price risks and instability in a liberalizing market environment: Overview and policy options. Food Policy, 31(4), 275–287.
19.
ChachaJ. S. (2015). Building local capacity and creating awareness in conserving the Mau Forest and water resources. In PicardL.A.BussT.F.SeyboltT.B. & LeileiM.C. (Eds), Sustainable development and human security in Africa (pp. 121–131). London: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.
20.
CorniaG. A. (2005). Chapter 3: Inequality, growth and poverty: An overview of changes the last four decades. In CorniaG. A. (Ed.), Inequality, growth, and poverty in an era of liberalization and globalization (pp. 3–25). Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
21.
DavidsonA. P. & AhmadM. (2003). Privatization and the crisis of agricultural extension. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishers.
22.
DavisK. E. (2008). [Agricultural] extension in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 15(3), 15–28.
23.
DawsonN.MartinA. & SikorT. (2016). Green revolution in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications of imposed innovation for the wellbeing of rural smallholders. World Development, 78(1), 204–218.
24.
DeiningerK. & ByerleeD. (2011). Rising global interest in Farmland. The World Bank. Retrieved November10, 2015, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DEC/Resources/Rising-Global-Interest-in-Farmland.pdf
25.
DeiningerK. & ByerleeD. (2012). The rise of large farms in land abundant countries: Do they have a future?World Development, 40(4), 701–714.
DW News (2016, February12). Hunger spreads in Syria. Retrieved April2, 2016, from http://www.dw.com/en/hunger-spreads-in-syria/av-19045998
28.
EdelmanM.HallR.ScoonesI.WhiteB. & WolfordW. (2015). Special issue: Global land grabbing and political reactions ‘from below.’Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(2, 3), 467–858.
29.
EllisF. & FreemanH. A. (2004). Rural livelihoods and poverty reduction strategies in four African countries. Journal of Development Studies, 4(4), 1–30.
30.
FischerE. & QaimM. (2012). Linking smallholders to markets: Determinants and impacts of farmer collective action in Kenya. World Development, 40(6), 1255–1268.
31.
FonD.-S. (2005). Technology development process and experiences in small farm mechanization in Taiwan. Taipei: Food and Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region. Retrieved April4, 2016, from http://www.agnet.org/library.php?func=view&id=20110726153225
32.
GlaesserB. (Ed). (2011). The green revolution revisited (Vol. II). London: Routledge.
33.
GrayC. & MuellerV. (2012). Drought and population mobility in rural Ethiopia. World Development, 40(1), 134–145.
34.
GrinspunR. (2003). Exploring the links among global trade, industrial agriculture, and rural underdevelopment. In NorthL. L. & CameronJ. D. (Eds), Rural progress, rural decay (pp. 46–66). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
35.
GrootaertC.OhG. T. & SwamyA. (2002). Social capital, household welfare and poverty in Burkina Faso. Journal of African Economics, 11(1), 4–38.
36.
HaggbladeS.HazellP. & ReardonT. (2010). The rural non-farm economy: Prospects for growth and poverty reduction. World Development, 38(10), 1429–1441.
37.
HandelmanH. (2003). The challenge of third world development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Publishers.
38.
HanstadT.ProstermanR. L. & MitchellR. (2007). Poverty, law and land tenure reform. In ProstermanR. L.MitchellR. & HanstadT. (Eds), One billion rising: Law, land and the alleviation of global poverty (pp. 17–55). Amsterdam: Leiden University Press.
39.
HazellP.PoultonC.WigginsS. & DorwardA. (2010). The future of small farms: Trajectories and policy priorities. World Development, 38(10), 1349–1361.
40.
HellinJ. & HigmanS. (2003). Feeding the market. South American farmers, trade, and globalization. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
41.
HoldenS. T. & OtsukaK. (2014). The roles of land tenure reforms and land markets in the context of population growth and land use intensification in Africa. Food Policy, 48, 88–97.
42.
HuangH.Von LampeM. & Van TongerenF. (2011). Climate change and trade in agriculture. Food Policy, 36(Suppl. 1), 9–13.
43.
IshamJ. (2002). The effect of social capital on fertilizer adoption: Evidence from rural Tanzania. Journal of African Economics, 11(1), 39–60.
44.
IzquierdoN. L. (2011). Agrocarburants contre agriculture au Brésil [Agro-fuels versus Agriculture in Brazil]. Manière de voir, 115, 89–92.
45.
KayC. (2009). Development strategies and rural development: Exploring synergies, eradicating poverty. Journal of Peasant Studies, 36(1), 103–137.
46.
KeliangZ. & RiedingerJ. (2011). Chinese farmers’ land rights at the crossroads (Research Paper). Seattle, WA: Landesa Rural Development Institute.
47.
KhorM. (2005). The commodities crisis and the global trade in agriculture (Trade & Development Series, Booklet No. 25). Penang: Third World Network.
48.
KirkM. & TuanN. A. (2009). Land-tenure policy reforms. Decollectivization and the Doi Moi System in Vietnam (Working Paper No. 00927). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
49.
KorovkinT. (2003). Agrarian capitalism and communal institutional spaces. In NorthL. L. & CameronJ. D. (Eds), Rural progress, rural decay (pp. 127–142). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
50.
KuznetsS. (1966). Modern economic growth. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
51.
LarsonD. F.OtsukaK.MatsumotoT. & KilicT. (2014). Should African rural development strategies depend on smallholder farms?Agricultural Economics, 45(3), 355–367.
52.
LefeberL. L. (2003). Agriculture and rural development. In NorthL. L. & CameronJ. D. (Eds), Rural progress, rural decay (pp. 69–84). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
53.
LoK.-M. & ChenH. (2011). Technological momentum and the hegemony of the green revolution. East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal, 5(2), 135–172.
54.
LobaoL. & SharpJ. (2013). Agriculture and rural development. In GreenG. P. (Ed.), Handbook of rural development (pp. 115–138). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
55.
LovoS. (2015). Tenure insecurity and investment in soil conservation. Evidence from Malawi. World Development, 78(1), 219–229.
56.
LowderS. K.SkoetJ. & RaneyT. (2016). The number, size, and distribution of farms, smallholder farms, and family farms worldwide. World Development. Retrieved May30, 2016, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.041
57.
McMichaelP. (2009). A food regime analysis of the ‘world food crisis’. Agriculture and Human Values, 26(4), 281–295.
58.
MilgroomJ. (2015). Policy processes of a land grab: At the interface of politics ‘in the air’ and politics ‘on the ground’ in Massingir, Mozambique. Journal of Peasant Studies, 42(3, 4), 585–606.
59.
MitchellR. (2009). Formalization of rights to land. In ProstermanR. L.MitchellR. L. & HanstandT. (Eds), One billion rising: Law, land and the alleviation of global poverty (pp. 333–375). Amsterdam: Leiden University Press.
60.
MooreK. M.CisséS. & TouréA. (2005). Building social infrastructure for sustainable development. In MooreK. M. (Ed.), Conflict, social capital and managing natural resources. A West African case study (pp. 89–100). Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing.
61.
MoseleyW. G.CarneyJ. & BeckerL. (2010). Neoliberal policy, rural livelihoods, and urban food security in West Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(13), 5774–5779.
62.
NelsonG. C.RosegrantM.W.PalazzoA.GrayI.IngersollC.RobertsonR., (2010). Food security, farming, and climate change to 2050. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute.
63.
NorthL. L. (2003a). Rural progress or rural decay? In NorthL. L. & CameronJ. D. (Eds), Rural progress, rural decay. Neoliberal adjustment policies and local initiatives (pp. 1–22). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
64.
NorthL. L. (2003b). Endogenous rural diversification. Family textile enterprises in Pelileo, Tungurahua. In NorthL. L. & CameronJ. D. (Eds), Rural progress, rural decay. Neoliberal adjustment policies and local initiatives (pp. 207–225). Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
65.
O’RourkeD. (2004). Community-driven regulation. Balancing development and the environment in Vietnam. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
66.
OwusuV.AbdulaiA. & Abdul-RahmanS. (2011). Non-farm work and food security among farm households in northern Ghana. Food Policy, 36(2), 108–118.
67.
OXFAM (2011). Famine in Somalia. Retrieved August12, 2014, from https://www.oxfam.org/en/somalia/famine-somalia-causes-and-solutions
68.
PetersP. E. (1994). Dividing the commons. Politics, policy, and culture in Botswana. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.
69.
PlaceF. (2009). Land tenure and agricultural productivity in Africa. World Development, 37(8), 1326–1336.
70.
RanisG. (2007). Taiwan’s success and vulnerability. In Robert AshR. & Megan GreeneJ. (Eds), Taiwan in the 21st century (pp. 36–53). London: Routledge.
71.
RevelliP. (2010). Pétrole vert contre réforme agraire. Manière de voir, 113, 69–73.
72.
RiveraW. M. (2003). W. R. Agricultural extension, rural development and the food security challenge. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (F.A.O. document).
73.
RocheleauD. E. (2015). Networked, rooted and territorial: Green grabbing and resistance in Chiapas. Journal of Peasant Studies, 44(3, 4), 695–723.
74.
RosegrantM. W. & ClineS. A. (2003). Global food security: Challenges and policies. Science, 302(5652), 1917–1919.
75.
SchultzT. W. (1964). Transforming traditional agriculture. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
76.
The World Bank (2007). World development report 2008: Agriculture for development. Washington, DC: Author.
77.
The World Bank2013. World food crisis. Retrieved September8, 2014, from http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21928797~menuPK:34480~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html
78.
TsaiL. L. (2007). Accountability without democracy: Solidarity groups and public goods provision in rural China. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
79.
TschamtkeT.CloughY.WangerT. C.JacksonL.MotzkeI.PerfectoI.. (2012). Global food security, biodiversity conservation and the future of agricultural intensification. Biological Conservation, 151(1), 53–59.
80.
UphoffN.MiltonJ.EsmanM. J. & KrishnaA. (1998). Reasons for success. Learning from instructive experiences in rural development. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian Press.
81.
Van ArkadieB. (2003). Vietnam. A transition tiger?Canberra: Asia Pacific Press.
82.
Van LaerhovenF. (2009). Brazil at the decentralization front. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & van LaerhovenF. (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 42–68). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
83.
Van LaerhovenF.Krister AnderssonK.Gustavo Gordillo de AndaG. G. & Paul LewinP. (2009). Chile: A free-market model of decentralization. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & van LaerhovenF. (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 69–90). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
84.
Van LaerhovenF.Krister AnderssonK.Gustavo Gordillo de AndaG. G.Fabián GonzálezF. & OchoaJ. J. (2009). Mexico: A case of limited decentralization. In AnderssonK.de AndaG. G. & van LaerhovenF. (Eds), Local governments and rural development (pp. 91–12). Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press.
85.
Vietnam Business Forum (2010, May7). Difficulties and challenges in rice cultivation in Vietnam. Retrieved September20, 2014, from http://vibforum.vcci.com.vn/news_detail.asp?news_id=3017
86.
WescottC. G. (2006). Decentralization policy and practice in Vietnam: 1991–2003. In SmokeP.GómezE. J. & PetersonG. E. (Eds), Decentralization in Asia and Latin America. Towards a comparative interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 208–231). London: Edward Elgar Publishers.
87.
WolfordW. (2010). Participatory democracy by default: Land reform, social movements and the state in Brazil. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(1), 91–109.
88.
World Food Programme (2015). Syria country brief. Retrieved March30, 2016, from http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ep/wfp272609.pdf