A tentative classification of summaries *

For example: USA ANSI Z.39.14-1971. Writing abstracts: USSR GOST 7.9-70. Sistema informacjonnobibhograficeskoj dokumentacyji. Referat i annotacija; Poland PN-77/N-01221. Adnotacje i analizy dokumentacyjne.

ISO 214-1976. Documentation. Abstracts for publications and documentation; SEV RS 2132-99. Pravilá podgotovki rezjume; SEV RS 2133-69. Pravilá podgotovki referatov; UNESCO-SC/M-5. Guide for preparation of scientific papers for publication.

The stipulation “without repetitions” means that there are no equiforms (or synonymous) elements in X’. It can be more rigorously stated thus: For any text X which is a string of sentences z, … z_n: (i): for any x in X’ there is an l ≤ i ≤ n such that E(z_i, x), where E stands for the relation of equiformity. (ii): for any x, y in X”, if x ≠ y then ¬E(x, y). The consequent in (ii) can be replaced by ¬S(x, y), where S stands for the relation of synonymity. The latter is a stronger condition than the former, but it seems debatable whether it is necessary.

Tarski A. , Fundamentale Begriffe der Methodologie der deduktiven Wissenschaften. Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik 37 (1930); A. Tarski, Grundzuge des Systemenkalkuls. Fundamenta Mathematicae 25 (1935) 502-26; A. Tarski, Uber einige fundamentale Begriffe der Metamtthematik. Sprawozdania Towarzystwa Naukowego Warazawskiego III 23 (1930).

Parry W. , Ein Axiomensystem fur eine neue Art von Implikation (Analytische Implikation). Ergebmisse eines mathematischen Kolloquiums, Vol. 4 (133).

Zinovev A. , and Wessel H. , Logische Sprach-Regeln. Eine Einfuhrung in die Logik (Berlin, 1975).

Epstein R.L. , Relatedness and implication, Philos Stud. 36 (2) (1979) 137-73.

For example: Bernier L.C. , Abstracts and abstracting, in: Kent A. , ed. [and others], Encylopedia of Library and Information Science, Vol. 1 (New York: Dekker, 1968) pp. 16-38.

Marciszewski W. , Metody Analizy Tekstu Naukowego (Warszawa, 1977).