This paper discusses the impact of changing ecological contexts on socialization,
utilizing qualitative data obtained from 42 mothers of 3–4 year old
children, in five communities in Israel. In depth interviews explored
mothers' developmental goals concerning valued characteristics for their
young boys and girls and valued goals for their children as adults. Similarities and
differences in gender-related expectations are discussed in relation to cultural
scripts. One major finding in this study is the great similarity between themes
mothers used to describe the characteristics they valued in their young children and
the themes that emerge from their descriptions of their long-term developmental
goals for these children. Our study challenges the dichotomy between individualism
and collectivism as a unit of analysis of parental socialization goals and suggests
that parents' goals in different cultural communities ought to be
characterized not only in relation to the underlying cultural scripts of their
community but also in relation to: (a) the level of exposure to eco-cultural change;
(b) the specific social structure of the community, or socio-cultural group,
undergoing such a change; (c) the community's, or individual's
attitude towards such a change; and (d) the host culture excluding or including attitudes.
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