The citizen’s voice: Albert Hirschman’s Exit,Voice and Loyalty and its contribution to media citizenship debates

Anderson, B. ( 1991) Imagined Communities, 2nd edn. London: Verso.

Atton, C. ( 2002) Alternative Media. London: Sage.

Atton, C. ( 2004) An Alternative Internet: Radical Media, Politics and Creativity . Edinbugh: Edinburgh University Press.

Berlin, I. ( 2001) ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, pp. 127-36 in N. Warburton (ed.) Freedom: An Introduction with Readings . London: Routledge.

Blumler, J. (ed.) (1992) Television and the Public Interest: Vulnerable Values in West European Broadcasting. London: Sage.

Blumler, J. and S. Coleman ( 2001) Realising Democracy Onine: A Civic Commons in Cyberspace . London: Institute for Public Policy Research.

Bowman, S. and C. Willis ( 2003) WeMedia: How Audiences are Shaping the Future of News and Information. Washington, DC: The Media Centre, American Press Institute.

Chartier, R. ( 1988) Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations, trans. L.G. Cochrane. Cambridge: Polity.

Coleman, S. ( 2005a) ‘The Lonely Citizen: Indirect Representation in an Age of Networks’, Political Communication 22(2): 197-214.

Coleman, S. ( 2005b) ‘New Mediation and Direct Representation: Reconceptualizing Representation in the Digital Age’, New Media and Society 7(2): 177-98.

Collins, R. ( 1993) ‘Public Service versus the Market Ten Years On: Reflections on Critical Theory and the Debate on Broadcasting Policy in the UK’, Screen 34(3): 243-59.

Considine, M. ( 1994) Public Policy: A Critical Approach. Melbourne: Macmillan.

Couldry, N. ( 2003) ‘Beyond the Hall of Mirrors: Some Theoretical Reflections on the Global Contestation of Media Power’, pp. 39-54 in N. Couldry and J. Curran (eds) Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Couldry, N. ( 2006a) Listening Beyond the Echoes: Media, Ethics and Agency in an Uncertain World. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers.

Couldry, N. ( 2006b) ‘Transvaluing Media Studies: Or, Beyond the Myth of the Mediating Centre’, pp. 177-94 in J. Curran and D. Morley (eds) Media and Cultural Theory. London: Routledge.

Cunningham, S. ( 1992) Framing Culture: Criticism and Policy in Australia. Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

Curran, J. ( 1991) ‘Mass Media and Democracy: A Reappraisal’ , pp. 82-117 in J. Curran and M. Gurevitch (eds) Mass Media and Society. London : Edward Arnold.

Dahlgren, P. ( 1995) Television and the Public Sphere. London: Sage.

Dahlgren, P. ( 2005) ‘The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersal and Deliberation’, Political Communication 22(2): 147-62.

Dahlgren, P. and C. Sparks (eds) (1991) Communication and Citizenship: Journalism and the Public Sphere. London: Routledge.

Deuze, M. ( 2006) ‘Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principal Components of a Digital Culture’ , The Information Society 22(2): 63-75.

Downing, J. ( 2001) Radical Media, 2nd edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Freedman, D. ( 2001) ‘What Use is a Public Inquiry? Labour and the 1977 Annan Committee on the Future of Broadcasting’, Media, Culture & Society 23(2): 195-211.

Galbraith, J.K. ( 1972) The New Industrial State. Harmondsworth : Penguin.

Garnham, N. ( 1990) Capitalism and Communication: Global Culture and the Economics of Information. London: Sage.

Garnham, N. ( 2000) Emancipation, the Media and Modernity: Arguments about the Media and Social Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gillmor, D. ( 2004) We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly .

Gimmler, A. ( 2001) ‘Deliberative Democracy, the Public Sphere and the Internet’, Philosophy and Social Criticism 27(4): 21-39.

Golding, P. and G. Murdock ( 1989) ‘Information Poverty and Political Inequality: Citizenship in the Age of Privatized Communication’, Journal of Communication 39(3): 180-95.

Golding, P. and G. Murdock ( 2004) ‘Dismantling the Digital Divide: Rethinking the Dynamics of Participation and Exclusion’, pp. 261-85 in A. Calabrese and C. Sparks (eds) Toward a Political Economy of Culture: Capitalism and Communication in the 21st Century. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Habermas, J. ( 1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Polity.

Habermas, J. ( 1992) ‘Citizenship and National Identity: Some Reflections on the Future of Europe’, Praxis International 12(1): 1-14.

Hague, B. and B. Loader ( 1999) ‘Digital Democracy: An Introduction’, pp. 3-22 in B. Hague and B. Loader (eds) Digital Democracy: Discourse and Decision-making in the Information Age. London: Routledge.

Hall, S. and D. Held ( 1989) ‘Citizen and Citizenship’, pp. 173-88 in S. Hall and M. Jacques (eds) New Times: The Changing Face of Politics in the 1990s. London: Lawrence and Wishart.

Hargreaves, I. ( 2005) Journalism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hartley, J. ( 1999) Uses of Television. London: Routledge.

Hartley, J. ( 2008) ‘Journalism as a Human Right: The Cultural Approach to Journalism’, pp. 39-51 in M. Löffelholz and D. Weaver (eds) Global Journalism Research: Theories, Methods, Findings, Future. New York: Peter Lang.

Hawkins, G. ( 1999) ‘Public Service Broadcasting in Australia: Value and Difference’, pp. 173-87 in A. Calabrese and J.-C. Burgelmann (eds) Communication, Citizenship and Social Policy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

Held, D. ( 2006) Models of Democracy, 4th edn. Cambridge: Polity.

Hesmondhalgh, D. ( 2007) The Cultural Industries, 2nd edn. London: Sage.

Hindman, M. ( 2007) ‘Political Accountability and the Web’s "Missing Middle"’, paper presented to Princeton Conference on Changing Media and Political Accountability, 30 Nov.-1 Dec., Princeton, NJ.

Hirschman, A. ( 1970) Exit, Voice and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hirschman, A. ( 1981) Essays in Trespassing: Economics to Politics and Beyond . New York: Oxford University Press .

Hirschman, A. ( 1995) ‘Exit, Voice, and the Fate of the German Democratic Republic’, pp. 9-44 in A. O. Hirschman , A Propensity to Self-Subversion. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Horwitz, R.B. ( 1989) The Irony of Regulatory Reform: The Deregulation of American Telecommunications. New York: Oxford University Press.

Hutton, W. ( 1996) The State We’re In. London: Vintage.

Innis, H.A. ( 1951) The Bias of Communication. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.

Jacka, E. ( 2003) ‘"Democracy as Defeat": The Impotence of Arguments for Pubic Service Broadcasting’, Television and New Media 4(2): 177-91.

Knight, A. ( 2008) ‘Journalism in the Age of Blogging’, Journalism Studies 9(1): 117-24.

Krasnow, E.G. and L.D. Longley ( 1978) The Politics of Broadcast Regulation, 2nd edn. New York: St Martin Press .

Kymlicka, W. and W. Norman ( 1994) ‘Return of the Citizen: A Survey of Recent Work on Citizenship Theory’, Ethics 104(2): 352-81.

Lash, S. and J. Urry ( 1989) The End of Organized Capitalism. Cambridge : Polity.

Livingstone, S. , P. Lunt and L. Miller ( 2007) ‘Citizens and Consumers: Discursive Debates during and after the Communications Act 2003’, Media, Culture & Society 29(4): 613-38.

Margolis, M. and D. Resnick ( 2000) Politics as Usual: The Cyberspace ‘Revolution’ . Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

McChesney, R.W. ( 2008) The Political Economy of Media. New York: Monthly Review Press.

McNair, B. ( 2006) Cultural Chaos: Journalism, News and Power in a Globalised World. London: Routledge.

McQuail, D. ( 2005) Mass Communications Theory, 5th edn. London: Sage.

Miller, T. ( 1993) The Well-tempered Self: Citizenship, Culture and the Postmodern Subject. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2007) Participative Web: User-created Content . Paris: OECD.

Papacharissi, Z. ( 2002) ‘The Virtual Sphere: The Internet as a Public Sphere’ , New Media and Society 4(1): 9-27.

Putnam, R.D. ( 2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community . New York: Simon and Schuster.

Rawnsley, G. ( 2005) Political Communication and Democracy. Palgrave: Basingstoke.

Richardson, A. ( 1983) Participation. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Rodriguez, C. ( 2001) Fissures in the Mediascape: An International Study of Citizens’ Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.

Schudson, M. ( 1994) ‘Culture and the Integration of National Societies’ , International Social Science Journal 46(1): 46-64.

Sparks, C. ( 2001) ‘The Internet and the Global Pubic Sphere’ , pp. 75-98 in W. Lance Bennett and R.M. Entman (eds) Mediated Politics: Communication in the Future of Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Streeter, T. ( 1996) Selling the Air: A Critique of the Policy of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Thompson, J.B. ( 1991) Ideology and Modern Culture. Cambridge : Polity.

Thompson, J.B. ( 1995) The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media . Cambridge: Polity.

Tracey, M. ( 1998) The Decline and Fall of Public Service Broadcasting. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Waisbord, S. ( 2004) ‘Media and the Reinvention of the Nation’ , pp. 375-92 in J. Dowling , D. McQuail , P. Schlesinger and E. Wartella (eds) The SAGE Handbook of Media Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .

Yúdice, G. ( 2004) The Expediency of Culture: Uses of Culture in the Global Era. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.