Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)
. (1996). Medical school admission requirements. Washington DC: Author.
2.
Baker v. Columbus Municipal Separate School District, 329 F. Supp. 706 (N.D. Midd. 1971), 462 F.2d 1112 (5th Cir. 1972).
3.
Case, S.
, & Swanson, D. (1993). Validity of NBME Part I and Part II scores for selection of residents in orthopaedic surgery, dermatology, and preventive medicine. Academic Medicine, 68, S51-S56.
4.
Case, S.
, & Swanson, D. (1996, April). Accuracy of predictions of USMLE performance for different ethnic and gender groups. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York.
5.
Case, S.
, Swanson, D., and Ripkey, D. (in press). Performance of the class of 1994 in the new era of USMLE. Academic Medicine.
6.
Dawson-Saunders, B.
, Iwamoto, C., Ross, L., Nungester, R., Swanson, D., & Volle, R. (1994). An analysis of performance on the National Board Part I Examination for men and women of different ethnic groups. Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 674-679.
7.
EEOC v. Supreme Court of New Mexico, 1977 WL 85 (D.N.M.).
8.
Federation of State Medical Boards & National Board of Medical Examiners (FSMB & NBME)
. (1995). 1996 USMLE United States medical licensing examinatin: Step I General Instructions, Content Description, and Sample Items. Philadelphia, PA: Author.
9.
Gonnella, J. S.
, Hojat, M., Erdmann, J. B., & Veloski, J. (1993a). A case of mistaken identity: Signal and noise in connecting performance assessments before and after graduation from medical school. Academic Medicine, 68 (Supplement), S9-S16.
10.
Gonnella, J. S.
, Hojat, M., Erdmann, J. B., & Veloski, J. (1993b). Epilogue: What have we learned and where do we go from here?Academic Medicine, 68 (Supplement), S79-S87.
11.
Griggs v. Duke Power Co., 401 U.S. 424 (1971).
12.
Haddock v. Board of Dental Examiners of California, 777 F.2d 462 (9th Cir. 1985).
13.
Institute of Medicine
. (1994). Balancing the scales of opportunity. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
14.
Kane, M.
(1982). The validity of licensure examinations. American Psychologist, 37, 911-918.
15.
Kane, M.
(1987). Is predictive validity the gold standard or the holy grail of examinations in the professions?Professions Education Research Notes, 9, 9-13.
16.
LaDuca, A.
(1994). Validation of professional licensure examinations: Professions theory, test design, and construct validity. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 17, 178-197.
17.
Lawrence
et al. South Carolina State Board of Education, South Carolina Supreme Court Abstracts, pp. 25-28 (1991).
18.
Nickens, H.
, Ready, T., & Petersdorf, R. (1994). Project 3000by 2000: Racial and ethnic diversity in U.S. medical schools. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 98-106.
19.
Petrusa, E.
, Reilly, C., & Lee, L. (1995). Later is better: Projected USMLE performance during medical school. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 7, 163-167.
20.
Richardson v. McFadden, 540 F.2d 744 (4th Cir. 1976).
21.
Swanson, D.
(1994, April). Performance of gender and ethnic groups on NBME Parts I and II. Symposium presentation at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
22.
Swanson, D.
, Case, S., Melnick, D., & Volle, R. (1992). Impact of USMLE Step 1 on teaching and learning in the basic biomedical sciences. Academic Medicine, 67, 553-556.
23.
Swanson, D.
, Case, S., Luecht, R., & Dillon, G. (in press). Retention of basic science information by fourth-year medical students. Academic Medicine.
24.
Templeton, B.
(1996). USMLE Step 1 examination: Legal vulnerability. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 19, 131-147.
25.
Tyler v. Vickery, 517 F2d 1089 (5th Cir. 1975).
26.
Washington v. Davis, 426 U.S. 229 (1976).
27.
Woodward v. Virginia Board of Bar Examiners, 420 F Supp. 211, 214 (E.D. Va. 1976).