The effectiveness offederal programs is often difficult to measure because many are authorized to support a broad range of objectives without common outcome goals, measures, and reporting requirements. When direct program evaluation is not possible, it may be possible instead to evaluate how well the strategies thatfederal programs support have worked to achieve certain objectives. This alternative to direct program evaluation was demonstrated in a General Accounting Office review of federal health professions education and training programs within Titles 7 and 8 of the Public Health Service Act.
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